OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 1

Small Business Safety

and Health Handbook

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2021-120 (revised 01/2024) | OSHA Publication Number 2209-01R 2024

Small Business Safety

and Health Handbook

iii | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Contents

About this Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Safety and Health Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Value of a Safety and Health Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Implementing a Safety and Health Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Workplace Self-Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Self-Inspection Checklists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Safety and Health Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

General Work Environment and Housekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Posting of Required Safety and Health Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Recordkeeping and Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Compressed Gas Cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Electrical Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Ergonomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Exit Routes and Emergency Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Emergency Action Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Fire Suppression and Alarm Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Explosive (Powder) Actuated Fastening Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Hand Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Portable (Power Operated) Tools and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Hazard Communication and Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Hazard Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Hazardous Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Heat-related Illness Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 4

iv | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Infection Control Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Lockout/Tagout Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Machinery and Machine Guarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Machinery and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Materials Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Materials Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Powered Industrial Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Medical Services and First Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Noise Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Permit-Required Confined Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Respiratory Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Walking-Working Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Elevated Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Floor Holes and Wall Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Portable Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Stairs and Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Workplace Violence Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Young Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Safety and Health Assistance for Small Businesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

OSHA Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

Whistleblower Program: Protection from Retaliation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

State Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Other Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

The Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

OSHA Regional Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Contact OSHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 5

1 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

About this Handbook

The Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute

for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

developed this handbook to provide small

business employers with workplace safety and

health information.

The handbook summarizes the benefits of an

effective safety and health program, provides

self-inspection checklists for employers to identify

workplace hazards, and reviews key workplace

safety and health resources for small businesses.

This handbook is a general guide. Employers

should not use it to assess compliance with the

Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH

Act) or federal OSHA standards. This handbook

does not provide legal interpretations of the

requirements in OSHA standards, nor does it

create any additional compliance requirements

for employers. OSHA will not cite employers

under the General Duty Clause in Section 5(a)(1)

of the OSH Act for not following the handbook’s

recommendations.

More than 20 states and territories operate their

own OSHA-approved State Plans. A list of states

that operate their own State Plans can be found

OSHA’s website

. While the safety and health

compliance requirements in these State Plans

may differ in some respects from federal OSHA

requirements, employers in all states may benefit

from using this handbook.

This publication is in the public domain and

without permission. We appreciate, but do not

require, source credit.

Photo: iStock

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 6

2 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Programs

Value of a Safety and

Health Program

Every year, more than 5,000 workers are killed

on the job (average of 14 deaths per day), and

more than 3. 6 million suffer a serious job-related

injury or illness. Even one serious workplace

injury or illness can have a devastating impact

on a small business, including costs associated

with higher workers’ compensation premiums,

medical expenses, legal fees, replacement worker

training, lost productivity, equipment repairs,

and lower worker morale – to say nothing of the

overwhelming personal impacts.

Implementing a safety and health program

helps businesses:

•

Prevent

workplace injuries and illnesses

•

Improve

compliance with laws and regulations

•

Reduce

costs, including significant reductions

in workers’ compensation premiums

•

Engage

workers

•

Enhance

social responsibility goals

•

Increase

productivity and enhance overall

business operations

Small empl

oyers like you place a high value on

the well-being of your workers. Like many small

businesses, you may employ family members and

personal acquaintances. And, if you don’t know

your workers before they are hired, the size of your

workplace will promote the closeness and concern

for one another that small businesses value.

OSHA and NIOSH provide helpful resources and

want to work with you to promote a safe and

healthful workplace. Employers that make job

safety and health a real part of their everyday

operations will benefit in the long run. Investing

in a safety and health program now will help

you avoid possible losses in the future. A safe

business is a sound business.

The main goal of a safety and health program is to

prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths,

as well as the suffering and financial hardship

these events can cause for workers, their families,

and employers. Traditional approaches are often

reactive; that is, problems are addressed only

after a worker is injured or becomes sick, a new

standard or regulation is published, or an outside

inspection finds a problem.

OSHA’s

Safe + Sound campaign

encourages

every workplace to have a safety and health

program. Through this campaign, OSHA works

with NIOSH and other organizations to provide

resources

to help employers develop safety and

health programs and to recognize the successes

of these programs.

Photo: iStock

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 7

3 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Implementing a Safety and

Health Program

OSHA’s

Recommended Practices for Safety

and Health Programs

use a proactive approach

to managing workplace safety and health,

recognizing that finding and fixing hazards

before they cause injury or illness is a far

more effective approach. The Recommended

Practices present a step-by-step approach to

implementing a successful safety and health

program, built around seven core elements:

•

Management leadership

•

Worker participation

•

Hazard identification and assessment

•

Hazard prevention and control

•

Education and training

•

Program evaluation and improvement

•

Communication and coordination for host

employers, contractors, and staffing agencies

OSHA’s website includes tools to help employers

implement safety and health programs, including:

•

how to get started

•

a safety and health program

self‑evaluation tool

•

a safety and health program

implementation checklist

, and

•

a safety and health program

audit tool

You can begin with a basic program, set simple

goals, and grow from there. If you focus on

achieving goals, monitoring performance,

and evaluating outcomes, your workplace

can progress to higher levels of safety and

health achievement.

By developing and implementing a safety

and health program, you are expressing and

documenting your good faith and commitment

to protecting your workers’ health and safety.

Doing so does not usually require additional

workers or high costs. You can integrate safety

and health into your other business functions

with modest effort.

The key to a successful safety and health program

is to see it as a part of your day-to-day business

operation. As you incorporate it into your business

culture, safety and health awareness will become

second nature to you and your workers, leading to

a safe and sound business.

Every workplace should have a safety and health

program that includes management leadership,

worker participation, and a systematic approach

to finding and fixing hazards. Regular workplace

inspections are an important tool for identifying

hazards and fixing them.

Photo: iStock

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 8

4 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Self-Inspection

An effective way to identify workplace hazards

is for knowledgeable and experienced workers

to conduct routine safety and health inspections

(i. e. , self-inspections). The only way to know if

potential hazards exist and if they are under

control is to assess work processes directly.

Small business employers should conduct

routine workplace self-inspections to:

•

identify hazards,

•

control identified hazards, and

•

monitor and evaluate hazard controls to verify

that they continue to be effective.

Consultants from

OSHA’s On-Site Consultation

programs

in all states, the District of Columbia

and most territories can help small business

employers with this process at no cost.

Self-Inspection Checklists

The checklists in the handbook are intended

for general industry workplaces, but not for

construction or maritime industries. They are a

starting point for identifying workplace hazards.

The checklists can give you some indication

of where to begin taking action to make your

business safer and more healthful for your

workers. The checklists are based on several

sources, including OSHA standards and generally

accepted safety and health principles. Do not use

the checklists to assess your compliance with the

OSH Act or OSHA standards.

Compile information from your completed

checklists with workplace injury and illness

records, worker training information, and process

and equipment information (e. g. , maintenance

logs, failure incident reports) to help you

determine where challenges exist. Refer to OSHA

standards, resources on the

OSHA website

, and

other resources listed in this handbook to find

solutions to those challenges. At the end of

each checklist, you will find a link to additional

resources on that topic.

These checklists are not all-inclusive and

not all of the checklists will apply to your

business.

You might want to start by selecting

the checklists that apply to areas that are most

critical to your business, then expanding your

checklists over time to cover all areas that pertain

to your business. Consider adding or deleting

items from a checklist to more accurately cover

your work processes.

Photo: iStock

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 9

5 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Company name:

Worksite:

Specific worksite area:

Inspected by:

Date:

General

Safety and Health Programs

Yes

N/A

Comments

A safety and health program is in place to

help proactively manage safety and health in

the workplace.



Safety and health is a top priority.



Safety and health is a part of daily

conversations with workers.



A procedure is in place for workers to report

injuries, illnesses, incidents (including near

misses/close calls), hazards, and safety and

health concerns.



Workers are trained how to identify and

control hazards.



Workplace inspections are conducted

with workers.



Workers are asked for ideas on

hazard control.



Workers are assigned the task of choosing,

implementing, and evaluating hazard

controls they come up with.



Company Name

Worksite

Specific Worksite Area

Inspected By

Date

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 10

6 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Programs

Yes

N/A

Comments

Foreseeable emergency scenarios are

identified and instructions are developed

on what to do in each case.



Workers are consulted before significant

changes are made to the workplace, work

organization, equipment, or materials in order

to identify potential safety or health issues.



Time is set aside to discuss safety and health

issues, with the goal of identifying ways to

improve the safety and health program.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA:

Recommended Practices for Safety and Health Programs

•

OSHA:

$afety Pays Program

•

American Society of Safety Professionals:

Guidance Manual — Keep Your People Safe in

Smaller Organizations (GM-Z10.101)

Reset Form

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 11

7 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

General Work Environment

and Housekeeping

Yes

N/A

Comments

The workplace is clean, orderly, and sanitary.



Workplace floors are maintained in a

dry condition.



Where wet processes are used, drainage

is maintained and false floors, platforms,

mats, or other dry standing places are

provided, where practicable, or workers use

appropriate footwear.



Enclosed workplaces are maintained to

prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents,

insects, and other vermin; and a continuing

and effective extermination program is

instituted where their presence is detected.



Workers do not eat or drink in any areas

where hazardous substances are present.



Combustible scrap, debris, and waste are

stored properly and promptly removed from

the workplace.



Covered metal waste cans are used for rags

soaked in oil, flammable/combustible liquid,

paint, etc.



Vacuuming and non-vigorous sweeping

are used in place of blowing down with

compressed air.



When it is necessary to blow down in place

of vacuuming and sweeping, compressed air

pressure is limited to 30 psi, and dust clouds

are kept to a minimum.



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8 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

General Work Environment

and Housekeeping

Yes

N/A

Comments

General dilution or local exhaust ventilation

systems are used to control dusts, vapors,

gases, fumes, smoke, solvents, or mists

generated in the workplace, where possible.



Clear space is maintained in front of electrical

panels; minimum 3 feet in front, and at least the

width of the panel, but not less than 2 ½ feet.



Appropriate precautions are taken to maintain

exits, and protect workers during construction,

renovation, and repair operations.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910 .22, General Requirements for Walking and Working Surfaces

–

29 CFR 1910 .36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

–

29 CFR 1910 .37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

–

29 CFR 1910 .141, Sanitation

•

OSHA:

Restrooms and Sanitation Requirements

•

OSHA:

Indoor Air Quality

•

NIOSH:

Workplace Mold

•

NIOSH:

Office Environments

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 13

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Posting of Required Safety and

Health Information

Yes

N/A

Comments

The required OSHA Job Safety and Health

Poster (or state plan equivalent) is posted in a

prominent location in the workplace.

NOTE:

The poster is available for free from

OSHA in multiple languages. While OSHA

does not require employers to display

the poster in other languages, OSHA

encourages employers with employees that

speak other languages to also display the

poster in those languages.



The annual Summary of Work-Related

Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA Form 300A)

is posted during the months of February,

March, and April.



Any citations resulting from OSHA workplace

inspections are posted until the violation

has been abated, or for three working days,

whichever is later.



Emergency telephone numbers are

posted where they can be readily found

in case of emergency.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1903. 2, Posting of OSHA Notice

–

29 CFR 1903.16, Posting of Citations

•

OSHA:

Free Workplace Poster – Job Safety and Health – It’s the Law!

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Recordkeeping and Reporting

Yes

N/A

Comments

Occupational injuries or illnesses, except

minor injuries requiring only first aid,

are recorded on OSHA Form 300 (Log of

Work‑Related Injuries and Illnesses).

NOTE:

Employers are partially exempt from

OSHA’s injury and illness recordkeeping

requirements if 1) they had 10 or fewer

workers during all of the last calendar

year (see

29 CFR 1904.1

), or 2) they are in

certain low-hazard industries (see

29 CFR

Part 1904, Subpart B, Appendix A

). All

employers, regardless of size or industry,

must report work-related fatalities, in-patient

hospitalizations, amputations, and loss of an

eye to OSHA.



A supplementary record of each recordable

occupational injury and illness is prepared for

recordable cases on OSHA Form 301 (Injury

and Illness Incident Report). Employers can

use equivalent forms that provide all the

information on the OSHA Form 301.



An annual summary is prepared at the end

of each calendar year using OSHA Form

300A (

Summary of Work-Related Injuries

and Illnesses



You must electronically submit information

from your Form 300A Summary to OSHA

annually (by March 2 of the year after the

calendar year covered by the form) if:

•

You have an establishment with 250 or

more workers that is currently required to

keep OSHA injury and illness records, or

•

You have an establishment with 20-

249 workers that is classified in certain

industries with historically high rates of

occupational injuries and illnesses.



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Recordkeeping and Reporting

Yes

N/A

Comments

You must electronically submit information

from your OSHA Form 300 Log and Form

301 Incident Report(s) to OSHA annually

(by March 2 of the year after the calendar

year covered by the forms) if you have an

establishment with 100 or more workers in

designated high-hazard industries.



Injury and illness records (OSHA 300, 300A,

and 301) are kept at the worksite for at least

five years.



Worker medical and exposure records are

retained for the time period required for each

specific type of record.



Worker training records are kept and

accessible for review by workers, as required

by OSHA standards.



All work-related fatalities are reported

to OSHA within 8 hours. All work-related

in‑patient hospitalizations, amputations,

and loss of an eye are reported to OSHA

within 24 hours.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1904, Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illness

–

29 CFR 1910.1020, Access to Employee Exposure and Medical Records

•

OSHA:

Injury and Illness Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

•

OSHA:

Report a Fatality or Severe Injury

•

OSHA:

Access to Medical and Exposure Records

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12 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Compressed Gas Cylinders

Yes

N/A

Comments

Cylinders are clearly marked to identify

their contents.



Cylinders are stored where they cannot

be damaged by passing or falling

objects, and not subject to tampering by

unauthorized persons.



Cylinders are regularly examined for obvious

signs of defects, deep rusting, and leakage.



Care is used in handling and storage of

cylinders, safety valves, relief valves, etc. ,

to prevent damage.



Care is taken to not drop or strike cylinders.



Cylinders without fixed wheels have keys,

handles, or non-adjustable wrenches on

stem valves when in service.



Liquefied gases are stored and shipped valve-

end up with valve-protection caps in place.



Valve-protection caps are placed on

cylinders when the cylinders are not in use,

or connected for use.



Valves are closed before cylinders are

moved, when cylinders are empty, and at

the completion of each job.



Empty cylinders are appropriately marked

and their valves are closed.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.101, Compressed Gases

–

29 CFR 1910.110, Storage and Handling of Liquid Petroleum Gases

•

OSHA:

Compressed Gas and Equipment

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 17

13 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety

Yes

N/A

Comments

Electrical work performed by workers or

contractors complies with OSHA standards.



Sufficient access and working space is

provided and maintained around all

electrical equipment to permit ready and

safe operations and maintenance.



Workers make preliminary inspections and

perform appropriate tests to determine

conditions before starting work on electrical

equipment or lines.



In wet or damp locations, electrical tools and

equipment are appropriate for the use or

location or otherwise protected.



Metal measuring tapes, ropes, hand-lines and

similar devices with metallic thread woven

into the fabric are not used where they could

come in contact with energized parts of

equipment or circuit conductors.



Portable ladders with nonconductive side

rails are used where the worker or the ladder

could contact exposed energized parts of

equipment, fixtures, or circuit conductors.



Disconnecting switches and circuit

breakers are labeled to indicate their use or

equipment served.



Electrical installations are approved not

only for the class of location, but also for the

ignitable or combustible properties of the

specific gas, vapor, dust, or fiber that may

be present.



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14 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Electrical Safety

Yes

N/A

Comments

Whenever a worker is exposed to contact

with parts of fixed electric equipment or

circuits that have been de-energized, the

circuits energizing the parts are locked out or

tagged, as appropriate.



Workers who regularly work on or around

energized electrical equipment or lines

are instructed in cardiopulmonary

resuscitation (CPR).



Workers do not work alone on energized

lines or equipment over 600 volts.



Barricades and safety signs are used to

prevent or limit access to areas where

workers could be exposed to uninsulated

energized conductors or circuit parts.



Cord-connected, electrically operated tools

and equipment are effectively grounded or

of the approved double insulated type.



Flexible cord sets (extensions cords) used

with grounding-type equipment have

grounding conductors.



Cord-connected, electrically operated

equipment, and flexible cord sets (extension

cords) are visually inspected before use for

external defects (e. g. , loose parts, deformed

and missing pins, or damage to outer jacket

or insulation) and for evidence of possible

internal damage (e. g. , pinched or crushed

outer jacket).



Exposed wiring, and cords with frayed or

deteriorated insulation, are immediately

removed from service.



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 19

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Electrical Safety

Yes

N/A

Comments

Flexible cords are only used in continuous

lengths without splice or tap.



Multiple plug adaptors are not used.



Electrical appliances such as vacuum

cleaners, polishers, vending machines, etc. ,

are grounded.



Non-grounding type receptacles and

connectors are not used for grounding-type

attachment plugs.



Ground-fault circuit interrupters are installed

on each temporary 15 or 20 ampere,

120 volt alternating current (AC) circuit at

locations where construction, demolition,

modifications, alterations, etc. , are performed.



Metal cable trays, metal raceways, and metal

enclosures for conductors are grounded.



Disconnecting means are always opened

before fuses are replaced.



Flexible cords and cables are connected to

devices and fittings so that strain relief is

provided to prevent pull from being directly

transmitted to joints or terminal screws.



Cord, cable, and raceway connections are

intact and secure.



Energized parts of electrical circuits and

equipment are guarded against accidental

contact by approved cabinets or enclosures.



Unused openings (including conduit knockouts)

in electrical enclosures and fittings are closed

with appropriate covers, plugs, or plates.



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 20

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Electrical Safety

Yes

N/A

Comments

Electrical enclosures such as switches,

receptacles, junction boxes, etc. , are provided

with tight-fitting covers or plates.



The location of electrical power lines and

cables (overhead, underground, under floor,

other side of walls, etc. ) is determined before

digging, drilling, or similar work is begun.



Temporary circuits are protected by suitable

disconnecting switches or plug connectors at

the junction with permanent wiring.



Disconnecting switches for electrical motors

in excess of two horsepower are able to

open the circuit when the motor is stalled

without exploding.



Low voltage protection is provided in the

control devices of motors driving machines

or equipment that could cause injury from

inadvertent starting.



Motor disconnecting switches or circuit

breakers are located within sight of the

motor control device.



The controller for each motor that exceeds

two horsepower is rated equal to, or above,

the rating of the motor it serves.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 303, General Electrical Requirements

–

29 CFR 1910. 305, Wiring Methods, Components, and Equipment for General Use

–

29 CFR 1910. 334, Use of Electrical Equipment

•

OSHA:

Electrical

•

NIOSH:

Electrical Safety

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 21

17 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Ergonomics

Ergonomics—fitting the job to the worker—helps prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). There are

several known activities that increase a worker’s risk of MSDs, such as frequent lifting of heavy objects,

frequently reaching overhead, repetitive forceful pushing and pulling, working in awkward positions,

and highly repetitive hand activity like cutting, scanning, and using vibrating hand tools. This checklist

highlights key elements of an ergonomic program that help to identify and reduce the risk of injury

and MSDs in the workplace.

Ergonomics

Yes

N/A

Comments

Managers demonstrate their leadership in

reducing MSDs by encouraging workers to

participate in reducing MSDs and providing

time and money to eliminate ergonomic

risk factors.



Workers participate in the process of

identifying and eliminating ergonomic

risk factors.



Existing problems have been identified

by reviewing OSHA 300 logs, workers’

compensation records, first aid logs,

accident and near-miss investigation reports,

insurance company reports, or employee

reports of symptoms.



Workers, supervisors, and managers are

trained on the signs and symptoms of

MSDs, including how to report early signs

and symptoms of MSDs and their role in

reducing MSDs.



The effectiveness of training is periodically

evaluated with input from workers.



A worksite analysis has been performed to

identify ergonomics-related hazards with

input from workers.



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Ergonomics

Yes

N/A

Comments

Steps have been taken to reduce the risk of

MSDs by implementing engineering controls

(e. g. , using devices to lift heavy objects,

reducing the weight of a load, repositioning

workstations), administrative and work

practice controls (e. g. , rotating tasks to

mitigate factors), and personal protective

equipment. Engineering controls are the most

desirable when possible.



Training has been provided on using controls

to reduce MSDs.



Workers participate in the evaluation of

controls to reduce ergonomic risk factors in

their work area.



A qualified health care provider in work-

related MSDs has reviewed the medical

protocols to manage reports and treatment of

MSD signs and symptoms.



A process is in place to periodically

evaluate the steps taken to identify and

control ergonomic risk factors, including

management leadership, employee

involvement, training, identification and

control of risk factors, and early reporting and

treatment of MSD symptoms.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA:

Ergonomics

(includes information on many specific tasks and industries, including work with

computers, retail grocery, nursing homes, meatpacking, foundries, and shipyards)

•

NIOSH:

Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders

(includes information on elements of an

ergonomics program, interventions by industry, selection of non-powered hand tools, and more)

•

NIOSH:

Elements of Ergonomics Programs

(provides information on ergonomic risk factors, training,

collecting health and medical evidence, program implementation, program evaluation, worker

recovery, and management commitment/employee involvement)

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Exit Routes and Emergency Planning

Doors

Yes

N/A

Comments

Doors that are required to serve as exits are

designed and constructed so that the path of

exit travel is obvious and direct.



Exit doors and doors in the required path to

the exit are not locked, blocked, or otherwise

obstructed.



Exit doors can be opened from the direction

of exit travel without the use of a key, tool,

or any special knowledge or effort when the

building is occupied.



Exit doors are side-hinged and swing.



No revolving, sliding, or overhead doors serve

as required exit doors.



Panic hardware or fire exit hardware installed on

a required exit door allows the door to open by

applying a force of 15 pounds (6. 80 kilograms)

or less in the direction of the exit traffic.



Doors on cold storage rooms are provided

with an inside release mechanism that

releases the latch and open the door even if

the door is padlocked or otherwise locked on

the outside.



Where exit doors open directly onto a street,

alley, or other area where vehicles may be

operated, adequate barriers and warnings are

provided to prevent workers from stepping

into the path of traffic.



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Doors

Yes

N/A

Comments

Doors that swing in both directions and

are located between rooms where there is

frequent traffic are provided with viewing

panels in each door.



Glass doors, glass panels in doors, windows,

etc. , that are subject to human impact,

are made of safety glass that meets the

requirements for human impact.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes

–

29 CFR 1910. 36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

–

29 CFR 1910. 37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

•

OSHA:

Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

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Emergency Action Plans

Yes

N/A

Comments

An emergency action plan is in place to

guide employer and worker actions during

workplace emergencies.

NOTE:

While an emergency action plan

is only required when an OSHA standard

requires one, having a plan is a good way

to prepare and protect workers and the

business during an emergency.



The plan considers all potential natural or

man-made emergencies that could disrupt

the workplace.



The plan considers all potential internal

sources of emergencies that could disrupt

the workplace.



The plan considers the impact of these

internal and external emergencies on

workplace operations and the response is

tailored to the workplace.



The plan contains a list of key personnel

with contact information as well as contact

information for local emergency responders,

agencies, and contractors.



The plan contains the names, titles,

departments, and telephone numbers

of individuals to contact for additional

information or an explanation of duties and

responsibilities under the plan.



The plan addresses how medical assistance

will be provided.



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Emergency Action Plans

Yes

N/A

Comments

The plan identifies how or where personal

information on workers can be obtained in

an emergency.



The plan identifies the conditions under

which an evacuation would be necessary.



The plan identifies a clear chain of command

and designates a person authorized to order

an evacuation or shutdown of operations.



The plan addresses the types of actions

expected of different workers for the various

types of potential emergencies.



The plan designates who, if anyone, will

stay to shut down critical operations during

an evacuation.



The plan outlines specific evacuation routes

and exits and these are posted in the

workplace where they are easily accessible

to all workers.



The plan address procedures for assisting

people during evacuations, particularly those

with disabilities or who do not speak English.



The plan identifies one or more assembly

areas (as necessary for different types of

emergencies) where workers will gather and

a method for accounting for all workers.



The plan addresses how visitors will be

assisted in evacuation and accounted for.



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Emergency Action Plans

Yes

N/A

Comments

The plan identifies a preferred method for

reporting fires and other emergencies.



The plan describes the method to be used to

alert workers, including disabled workers, to

evacuate or take other action.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 38, Emergency Action Plans

–

29 CFR 1910. 39, Fire Prevention Plans

•

OSHA:

Evacuation Plans and Procedures

•

OSHA:

Emergency Preparedness and Response

•

OSHA:

COVID-19

•

CDC:

COVID-19

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Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress)

Yes

N/A

Comments

There are sufficient exits to permit prompt

escape in case of emergency.



The number of exits from each floor or level,

and the number of exits from the building

itself, are appropriate for the occupant load.



At least two means of egress are provided

from elevated platforms, pits, and rooms

where the absence of a second exit

would increase the risk of injury from hot,

poisonous, corrosive, suffocating, flammable,

or explosive substances.



Routes (means of egress) to exits, when not

immediately apparent, are marked with

visible exit signs.



All exits are marked with exit signs that are

illuminated either internally or by a reliable

light source.



Exit signs are labeled with the word “EXIT” in

lettering at least 6 inches (15. 2 centimeters)

high and the stroke of the lettering at least

3/4 inch (1.9 centimeters) wide.



Doors, passageways and stairways that are

neither exits nor access to exits, but could

be mistaken for exits, are appropriately

marked “NOT AN EXIT,” “TO BASEMENT,”

“STOREROOM,” etc.



Emergency lighting, where provided, is

tested for 30 seconds each month, and

annually for 90 minutes.



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Exits, Exit Paths (Means of Egress)

Yes

N/A

Comments

Ramps that are used as part of required

exiting from a building have a slope limited

to 1 foot (0. 3048 meter) vertical and 12 feet

(3. 6576 meters) horizontal.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 35, Compliance with Alternative Exit-Route Codes

–

29 CFR 1910. 36, Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

–

29 CFR 1910. 37, Maintenance, Safeguards, and Operational Features for Exit Routes

–

29 CFR 1910. 38, Emergency Action Plans

•

OSHA:

Design and Construction Requirements for Exit Routes

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Fire Protection

Fire Extinguishers

Yes

N/A

Comments

If portable fire extinguishers are provided

in the workplace, and designated workers

are expected to use them, the workers are

provided with initial training in their use and

at least annually thereafter.



Portable fire extinguishers of the appropriate

types(s) are provided in adequate numbers,

and mounted in readily accessible locations.

NOTE:

Refer to National Fire Protection

Association standard #10 (NFPA 10) for

guidance on types, numbers, and locations.



Fire extinguishers are selected and provided

for the types of materials in the areas where

they are to be used.

•

Class A - Ordinary combustible materials.

•

Class B - Flammable liquids, gases or oils.

•

Class C - Energized-electrical equipment.

•

Class D – Combustible metals.

•

Class K – Kitchens; cooking with vegetable

or animal oils and fats.



Fire extinguishers are visually inspected

monthly, and the inspection is recorded.



Fire extinguisher discharge nozzles are free

from obstructions or blockage.



Fire extinguishers are fully charged and in

their designated places.



Fire extinguishers receive an annual

maintenance check, and the maintenance

is recorded.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910.157, Portable Fire Extinguishers

•

OSHA:

Portable Fire Extinguishers

•

OSHA:

Fire Safety

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Fire Suppression and Alarm Systems

Yes

N/A

Comments

Fire alarm system has been certified,

is in proper working condition, and is

tested annually.



Testing and maintenance of automatic

sprinkler systems is performed by a qualified

worker or sprinkler contractor.



Automatic sprinkler system water control valves

and pressure gages are checked periodically.



Sprinkler heads subject to potential physical

damage are protected by metal guards.



Proper clearance (minimum 18 inches) is

maintained below sprinkler heads.



Standpipes, fire hoses, and fire hose valves,

are inspected regularly and tested annually.



Private fire hydrants are flushed at least

once a year and are on a routine preventive

maintenance schedule.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.158, Standpipe and Hose Systems

–

29 CFR 1910.159, Automatic Sprinkler Systems

–

29 CFR 1910.160, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, General

–

29 CFR 1910.161, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Dry Chemical

–

29 CFR 1910.162, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Gaseous Agent

–

29 CFR 1910.163, Fixed Extinguishing Systems, Water Spray and Foam

–

29 CFR 1910.164, Fire Detection Systems

–

29 CFR 1910.165, Employee Alarm Systems

•

OSHA:

Fixed Extinguishing Systems

•

OSHA:

Fire Detection Systems

•

OSHA:

Employee Alarm Systems

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Flammable and Combustible Liquids

and Materials

Yes

N/A

Comments

Combustible scrap, debris and waste

materials (oily rags, etc. ) are stored in covered

metal receptacles and promptly removed

from the worksite.



Proper storage is practiced to minimize the risk

of fire, including spontaneous combustion.



Approved containers and tanks are used

to store and handle flammable and

combustible liquids.



All connections on drums and combustible

liquid piping are vapor and liquid tight.



All flammable liquids are kept in closed

containers when not in use (e. g. , parts

cleaning tanks, pans, etc. ).



Where flammable liquids are transferred

and dispensed, appropriate grounding and

bonding methods are used to minimize the

generation of static electricity.



Inside storage rooms for flammable and

combustible liquids have mechanical or

gravity ventilation.



Explosion-proof electrical wiring, lights, and

equipment are used, in inside storage rooms

used for flammable liquids.



Liquefied petroleum gas is stored, handled,

and used in accordance with safe practices

and standards.



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Flammable and Combustible Liquids

and Materials

Yes

N/A

Comments

“NO SMOKING” signs are posted on liquefied

petroleum gas tanks.



“NO SMOKING” signs are in areas where

flammable or combustible materials are used

and stored.



Liquefied petroleum storage tanks are

guarded to prevent damage from vehicles.



All solvent wastes and flammable liquids kept

in fire-resistant, covered containers until they

are removed from the worksite.



Safety cans are used for dispensing

flammable or combustible liquids at the

point of use.



Spills of flammable or combustible liquids are

cleaned up promptly.



Storage tanks are adequately vented to

prevent the development of excessive vacuum

or pressure as a result of filling, emptying, or

atmosphere temperature changes.



Storage tanks are equipped with emergency

venting that relieve excessive internal

pressure caused by fire exposure.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations

–

29 CFR 1910.106, Flammable Liquids

–

29 CFR 1910.107, Spray Finishing with Flammable and Combustible Materials

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Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

Explosive (Powder) Actuated

Fastening Tools

Yes

N/A

Comments

Each worker who operates an explosive-

actuated tool is trained in its use and has a

valid operator’s card.



Explosive-actuated tools are left unloaded

until they are ready to be used.



Explosive-actuated tools are inspected for

obstructions or defects before use.



Each explosive-actuated tool is stored in its

own locked container when not being used.



Workers who operate explosive-actuated

tools use appropriate PPE.



A sign at least 7 inches (17.78 centimeters)

by 10 inches (25. 40 centimeters) with bold

face type reading “POWDER-” or “EXPLOSIVE-

ACTUATED TOOL IN USE” is conspicuously

posted when the tool is being used.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910. 243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

•

OSHA:

Hand and Power Tools

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Hand Tools and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Appropriate safety glasses, face shields, and

other PPE are used while using hand tools

or equipment that might produce flying

materials or be subject to breakage.



All tools and equipment (both company and

worker-owned) used at the workplace are in

good condition.



Workers have been advised of hazards

caused by faulty or improperly used

hand tools.



Hand tools, such as chisels, punches,

etc. , which develop mushroomed heads

during use are reconditioned or replaced

as necessary.



Tools cutting edges are kept sharp so

that tools move smoothly without binding

or skipping.



Tool handles are wedged tightly into the

heads of all tools.



Broken or fractured handles on hammers,

axes, and similar equipment are replaced.



Tools are stored in a dry, secure location

where tampering is not possible.



Worn or bent wrenches are replaced.



Appropriate handles are used on files and

similar tools.



Jacks are inspected to ensure they are in

good operating condition.



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Hand Tools and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Jacks receive appropriate maintenance and

are lubricated at regular intervals.



Jacks only lift loads within their rated capacity.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 242, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

–

29 CFR 1910. 243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

–

29 CFR 1910. 244, Other Portable Tools and Equipment

•

OSHA:

Hand and Power Tools

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Portable (Power Operated) Tools

and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Power tools are equipped with proper

shields, guards, or attachments, as

recommended by the manufacturer.



Grinders, saws and other equipment are

provided with appropriate guards.



Portable fans are provided with full guards

or screens having openings 1/2 inch

(1. 2700 centimeters) or less.



Portable circular saws are equipped with the

proper guards above and below the base

plate or shoe.



Circular saw guards are checked to ensure

that they are not wedged up, leaving the

lower portion of the blade unguarded.



Cord-connected, electrically operated tools

and equipment are effectively grounded or

of the approved double insulated type.



Rotating or moving parts of equipment are

guarded to prevent physical contact.



Pneumatic and hydraulic hoses on powder-

operated tools are checked regularly for

deterioration or damage.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 242, Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Equipment

–

29 CFR 1910. 243, Guarding of Portable Powered Tools

–

29 CFR 1910. 244, Other Portable Tools and Equipment

•

OSHA:

Hand and Power Tools

•

NIOSH:

Nail Gun Safety

•

NIOSH:

Robotics

•

NIOSH:

Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention

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Hazard Communication and Chemicals

Hazard Communication

Yes

N/A

Comments

A written plan has been developed to ensure

that workers are informed and understand

the hazards of chemicals in the workplace.



A list or inventory of all hazardous chemicals

in the workplace has been prepared (including

housekeeping/cleaning chemicals).



Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for each hazardous

chemical in the workplace are up-to-date

and readily accessible to workers.



Labels are kept on shipped containers;

including: product identifier, signal

word, hazard statement(s), pictogram(s),

precautionary statement(s), and supplier

information.



Workplace containers are labeled where

required (e. g. , chemicals received in large

containers that are transferred to smaller

containers).



Workplace signs and other forms of

communication are reviewed, revised, and

updated as appropriate, such as when new

information becomes available.



Workers are trained on the requirements

of the hazard communication standard,

hazards of chemicals, appropriate protective

measures, and where and how to obtain

additional information.



Workers are trained on the hazardous

chemicals in their work area before

initial assignment, and when new hazards

are introduced.



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Hazard Communication

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers understand SDS and where to

find them.



Workers understand labels received on

shipped containers and details of the

workplace labeling system.



The hazard communication program

is reviewed periodically to ensure it is

meeting its objectives, and is revised/

updated as appropriate to address changes

in the workplace (e. g. , new chemicals, new

hazards, etc. ).



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication

•

OSHA:

Hazard Communication

•

OSHA:

Hazard Communication – Small Entity Compliance Guide

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Hazardous Chemicals

Yes

N/A

Comments

A written hazardous communication

program is in place for the workplace.



Workers have been informed about all

operations where hazardous chemicals

are present.



Containers of hazardous chemicals are

labeled and Safety Data Sheets are available

(see Hazard Communication section above).



Eye-wash fountains and safety showers are

provided and maintained in areas where

hazardous chemicals are handled.



Chemical piping systems are clearly marked

as to their contents.



Worker exposure to hazardous chemicals is

kept within acceptable levels.



Medical or biological monitoring systems

are in operation for eligible workers (e. g. ,

exposure to cadmium, lead).



Workers use appropriate personal protective

clothing and equipment when handling

hazardous chemicals (e. g. , gloves, eye/face

protection, respirators, etc. ).



Chemicals are kept in closed containers when

not in use.



Materials that give off toxic, asphyxiant,

suffocating, or anesthetic fumes are stored in

remote or isolated locations when not in use.



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Hazardous Chemicals

Yes

N/A

Comments

Standard operating procedures for cleaning

up chemical spills are established and are

being followed.



Corrosive liquids that are frequently handled

in open containers, or drawn from storage

vessels or pipelines, have adequate means

readily available for neutralizing or disposing

of spills or overflows, and clean-up is

performed properly and safely.



Hazardous substances are handled in

properly designed and exhausted booths or

similar locations, where possible.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.1200, Hazard Communication

–

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances

•

OSHA:

Chemical Hazards and Toxic Substances

•

OSHA:

Occupational Chemical Database

•

OSHA:

Transitioning to Safer Chemicals

•

NIOSH:

Managing Chemical Safety in the Workplace

•

NIOSH:

Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

•

NIOSH:

Nanotechnology

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Heat-related Illness Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

Are any of these job-related risk factors for heat exposure present in your workplace?

Outdoor work in warm/hot weather or

direct sun.



Indoor work in warm/hot environments with

heat sources such as ovens, fires, hot tar, and/

or other radiant heat sources.



Moderate to strenuous physical activity

performed in warm/hot indoor or outdoor

environments.



Wearing heavy or non-breathable work

clothes and/or personal protective

equipment (PPE) in warm/hot indoor or

outdoor environments.



High relative humidity combined with a

warm/hot indoor or outdoor environment.



Other factors not listed above, such as lack

of air movement or lack of air-conditioning,

combined with a warm/hot indoor or

outdoor environment.



If you checked “Yes” for any of the above, use the following checklist to assess your preparedness:

A written plan is in place to prevent heat-

related injury and illness.



The plan contains procedures for heat events,

such as when the National Weather Service

issues a heat advisory or heat warning.



The plan requires the assessment of

environmental heat at the worksite (e. g. ,

continually monitoring temperature, heat

index, or Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

[WBGT]) and considers how physical activity

and clothing/PPE affect heat stress of workers.



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Heat-related Illness Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

Procedures are in place to determine throughout

the day if heat is hazardous to workers.



A designated, trained individual at the

worksite is responsible for (1) assessing and

monitoring conditions (e. g. , temperature

and humidity) and workers for symptoms

of heat-related illness, (2) implementing the

heat plan when necessary, and (3) notifying

workers when the heat plan is in effect.



An acclimatization plan is in place to modify

work duties for and to closely supervise

(1) new workers, (2) temporary or contract

workers, and (3) workers returning from

extended leave to ensure they gradually build

tolerance to heat. The plan should also require

supervisors to monitor these workers for

symptoms of heat-related injury and illness.



Engineering controls (e. g. , shade structures

with cool air temperatures, reflective barriers,

ventilation) are used to reduce heat stress.



Fluids (e. g. , cool, potable water, sports

drinks) are readily available and are

provided to workers, and supervisors

ensure they are hydrating.



Rest breaks are provided and their length

and frequency are adjusted, as needed.

Supervisors ensure breaks are taken.



Shade or a cooled area for rest and hydration

breaks is provided.



A buddy system is in place so workers observe

each other for signs of heat-related illness.



Supervisors and workers have a way to

contact emergency services. Instructions for

what to do in case of a heat-related medical

emergency are posted at the worksite.



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Heat-related Illness Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers know how to and are expected to

report to the employer any symptoms of heat-

related illnesses that develop while working.



Supervisors and workers are provided with proper training in a language they understand on

the following topics:

Identifying and controlling heat hazards and

understanding environmental risk factors.



Recognizing the signs and symptoms of

heat-related injuries and illnesses.



Understanding that there are individual

factors that may impact workers’ risk for

developing heat illness.



Administering first aid and CPR for

heat‑related illness.



Activating emergency medical services

quickly when needed.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA:

Signs and Symptoms of Heat Illness

•

OSHA:

Heat Illness Prevention Campaign

•

OSHA:

Safety and Health Topics: Heat

•

OSHA:

Technical Manual - Heat Stress

•

OSHA-NIOSH Heat Safety Tool

•

NIOSH:

Heat Stress

•

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration:

Heat Safety Tips and Resources

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Infection Control Plan

Yes

N/A

Comments

Conduct a hazard assessment to identify

job tasks in which workers have potential

occupational exposure to infectious agents.



Use the hazard assessment to identify which

workers have potential for occupational

exposure to infectious agents.



Implement policies, procedures, and

processes demonstrated to be effective

in preventing or minimizing transmission

of infectious agents to exposed workers

including, e. g. , hand hygiene, cleaning and

disinfection, ventilation, general sanitation

precautions, handling contaminated materials,

and using personal protective equipment.



Perform routine environmental cleaning and

disinfection, especially all frequently touched

surfaces, such as workstations, countertops,

handrails, and doorknobs.



Ensure handwashing stations with potable

water, soap, and a method to dry hands are

available to workers. Additionally, ensure hand

sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol is available.



Ensure potable water is provided for

drinking, personal hygiene, cooking, washing

of goods, washing of utensils, washing of

food preparation or processing premises,

and rooms not directly connected with the

production or service performed by the

establishment (e. g. , first-aid, medical services,

and dressing).



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Infection Control Plan

Yes

N/A

Comments

Ensure workers are trained and aware

of specific workplace practices for hand

washing, food preparation and food

handling, handling sharp instruments,

handling laundry, disposing of contaminated

materials, and cleaning/decontamination of

reusable equipment.



Ensure workers are trained on infectious

disease exposure prevention and control

procedures at an appropriate literacy level

and in a language they understand (e. g. ,

training on hand washing, food preparation

and food handling, handling sharp

instruments, handling laundry, disposal

of contaminated materials, and cleaning/

decontamination of reusable equipment).



Provide annual training on vaccination

(e. g. , Hepatitis B, influenza, COVID-19,

tetanus, etc. ), including information from

local health departments.



Implement a flexible sick leave policy that

allows and encourages workers to stay home

while sick.



Ensure infectious waste is placed in closable,

leak-proof containers, bags, or puncture-

resistant containers with proper labels.



Dispose of contaminated sharps in puncture-

resistant containers that are properly

identified and labeled.



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Infection Control Plan

Yes

N/A

Comments

Provide personal protective equipment

(e. g. , gloves, eye protection, masks or NIOSH

Approved

respirators) when necessary

to prevent or minimize transmission of

infectious agents.

NIOSH Approved is a certification mark of

the U. S. Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS) registered in the United States

and several international jurisdictions.



Ensure the use of appropriate eye, facial, and

respiratory protection when workers are

exposed to excessive dust or dirt, and where

there may be rodent activity.



Train workers who may encounter animals

as part of their job duties at least annually

on how to protect themselves, what to do

in the event of an animal scratch or bite, and

how to recognize a diseased animal (e. g. , an

animal with rabies).



Ensure workers wear protective clothing (e. g. ,

long pants and long-sleeved shirts) when

working in environments known to harbor

mosquitos and/or ticks.



Encourage outdoor workers to wear

mosquito- and tick-prevention sprays (e. g. ,

20% DEET) when appropriate.



During periods of increased respiratory

illness in the community (e. g. , seasonal

influenza, COVID-19), ensure that workers

wear well-fitting masks or respirators

if necessary

to prevent or minimize

transmission of infectious agents



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Infection Control Plan

Yes

N/A

Comments

Ensure that infectious diseases acquired from

work exposure are recorded on OSHA Forms

300 and 301 by employers subject to OSHA’s

recordkeeping requirements.



Ensure work-related infectious diseases

resulting in a fatality are reported to OSHA

within 8 hours, and work-related in-patient

hospitalization are reported to OSHA within

24 hours.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910 .141, Sanitation

–

29 CFR 1910 .142 – Temporary Labor Camps

–

29 CFR 1910 .1020, Access to medical records for exposed staff

–

29 CFR 1910 Subpart I, Personal Protective Equipment

–

29 CFR 1910 Subpart K, Medical and First Aid

–

29 CFR 1910 .1030, Bloodborne Pathogens

•

OSHA:

Safety and Health Topics Pages

(Use the search box or the alphabetical list for topics

related to infectious diseases .)

•

NIOSH

–

Immune, Infectious, and Dermal Disease Prevention Program

–

Infectious Agents Risk Factors

–

Mosquito-Borne Diseases

–

Tick-Borne Diseases

–

Directory of Personal Protective Equipment

•

CDC

–

CDC Current Outbreak List

–

COVID-19

–

Flu Resources for Business

–

Traveler’s Health

•

USDA:

Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO)

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 49

45 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Yes

N/A

Comments

A lockout/tagout procedure has been

developed in writing, and is reviewed at

least annually.



The lockout procedure requires that stored

energy (mechanical, hydraulic, air, etc. ) is

released or blocked before equipment is

locked out for service and maintenance.



Authorized workers have been trained on the

lockout/tagout procedure, and are provided

with personal safety locks or other approved

lockout devices.



A means is provided to identify the worker(s)

working on locked out equipment by the

lock(s) or accompanying tag(s).



Machinery or equipment is locked out

at the main power source; not at a push

button, selector switch, or other control

circuit type device.



Equipment control valve handles are

provided with a means for locking out.



For equipment or lines that cannot be shut

down, or locked out and tagged, a safe job

procedure is established and rigidly followed.



Energy source isolation is verified before

work begins.



Verification is accomplished by testing

machinery, gauges, or other approved means.



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46 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Yes

N/A

Comments

Machinery and equipment capable of

movement is de-energized, or disengaged

and blocked, or locked out during cleaning,

servicing, adjusting, or setting up operations.



Where the disconnecting means for

equipment does not also disconnect the

electrical control circuit, the appropriate

electrical enclosures are identified; and a

means is provided to assure the control circuit

can also be disconnected and locked out.



Workers keep personal control of their keys

while they have safety locks in use.



Only the worker exposed to the hazard is

permitted to place or remove the safety lock.



Workers check the safety of the lockout by

attempting a startup after making sure no

one is exposed.



A sufficient number of accident prevention

signs or tags and safety padlocks are

provided for any reasonably foreseeable

repair emergency.



When machine operations, configuration,

or size make it necessary for the operator

to leave the control station, and part of the

machine could move if accidentally activated,

the part is separately locked out or blocked.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910.147, Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

•

OSHA:

Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)

•

OSHA:

Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program

•

NIOSH:

Using Lockout and Tagout Procedures to Prevent Injury and Death during

Machine Maintenance

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 51

47 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Machine Guarding

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders

Yes

N/A

Comments

Bench and pedestal grinders are

permanently mounted.



Abrasive grinders have safety guards that

cover the spindle, nut and flange projections;

the guards are mounted to maintain

proper alignment with the wheel; and

the strength of the fastenings exceed the

strength of the guards.



Work rests are used and kept adjusted to within

1/8 inch (0. 3175 centimeter) of the wheel.



The adjustable tongue on the top side of the

grinder is used and kept adjusted to within

1/4 inch (0. 6350 centimeters) of the wheel.



Vertical or Right Angle Head portable grinder

safety guards are located between the

operator and wheel during use, and have a

maximum exposure angle of 180 degrees.



The maximum revolutions per minute (rpm)

rating of each abrasive wheel is compatible

with the rpm rating of the grinder motor.



Each grinder has an individual on and off

control switch.



All hand-held grinders shall have the

appropriate power control switch

configuration.



New abrasive wheels are visually inspected

and ring tested before they are mounted.



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48 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Abrasive Wheel Equipment Grinders

Yes

N/A

Comments

Dust collectors and powered exhausts are

provided on grinders used in operations that

produce large amounts of dust.



Splash guards are mounted on grinders that

use coolant to prevent the coolant from

reaching workers.



Workers use appropriate PPE when grinding.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910 .215, Abrasive Wheel Machinery

•

OSHA:

Abrasive Wheel Grinder Checklist

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49 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Machinery and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Fixed machines are anchored to prevent

tipping or other movement.



The operator and other workers in the

machine area are protected from hazards

created at the point of operation, ingoing nip

points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks.



Operators use special hand tools for placing

and removing material where needed to

protect their hands.



Machine guards are secured and arranged so

they do not cause a hazard while in use.



Revolving drums, barrels, and containers are

guarded by an enclosure that is interlocked

with the drive mechanism so that revolution

cannot occur unless the guard enclosure is

in place.



Fan blades are protected with a guard

having openings no larger than l/2 inch

(1. 2700 centimeters) when operating

within 7 feet (2.1336 meters) of the floor

or working level.



Pulleys and belts within 7 feet (2.1336 meters) of

the floor or working level are properly guarded.



Moving chains and gears are properly guarded.



Workers are trained on safe methods of

machine operation.



A program is in place for regular safety

inspections of machinery and equipment.



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Machinery and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

All machinery and equipment are kept clean

and properly maintained.



Sufficient clearance is provided around

and between machines to allow for safe

operations, set up and servicing, material

handling and waste removal.



A power shut-off switch is provided

within reach of the operator’s position

at each machine.



Hazardous energy to machines and

equipment can be locked out for servicing

and maintenance.



Noncurrent-carrying metal parts of

electrically operated machines are bonded

and grounded.



Foot-operated switches are guarded or

arranged to prevent accidental actuation by

a person or falling object.



Manually operated valves and switches

controlling the operation of equipment

and machines clearly identified and

readily accessible.



Emergency stop buttons are colored red.



Splash guards are mounted on machines

that use coolant to prevent the coolant from

reaching workers.



Arbors and mandrels have firm and secure

bearings, and are free of play.



Provisions are made to prevent machines

from automatically starting when power is

restored after a power failure or shutdown.



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Machinery and Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Machines are constructed so as to be free

from excessive vibration when the largest

size tool is mounted and run at full speed.



Saws used for ripping are equipped with

anti-kickback devices and spreaders.



Radial arm saws are arranged so that the

cutting head gently returns to the back of the

table when released.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910. 212, General Requirements for All Machines

•

OSHA:

Machine Guarding

•

NIOSH:

Machine Safety

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Materials Handling and Storage

Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Hoisting equipment is available and used for

lifting heavy objects, and hoist ratings and

characteristics are appropriate for the task.



Overhead and gantry cranes are periodically

inspected for defects or safety concerns

in 1 to 12 month intervals depending on

equipment activity, severity of service,

and environment.



All ropes are thoroughly inspected at least

once a month and a certification record

which includes the inspection date, inspector

signature, and an identifier for inspected

ropes, is kept on file.



All equipment with obvious signs of

deterioration, leakage, or deformation is

inspected daily.



Hooks with deformation or cracks and hoist

chains, including end connections, are visually

inspected daily and have a monthly inspection

documented with a certification record.



Each overhead electric hoist is equipped with

a limit switch/device to stop the hook at its

highest and lowest point of safe travel.



Each hoist automatically stops and holds any

load up to 125 percent of its rated load if its

actuating force is removed.



The rated load of each hoist is legibly marked

and visible to the operator.



Stops are provided at the safe limits of travel

for trolley hoists.



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Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

Pendant control boxes are constructed to

prevent electrical shock and have clearly

labelled functions.



Pendant control stations are kept clean and

function labels kept legible.



Each cage-controlled hoist is equipped with

an effective warning device.



Close-fitting guards or other suitable

devices are installed on each hoist to ensure

that hoist ropes will be maintained in the

sheave grooves.



Hoist chains or ropes are long enough to

handle the full range of movement of the

application while maintaining two full wraps

around the drum at all times.



Guards are provided for nip points or

contact points between hoist ropes and

sheaves permanently located within 7 feet

(2.1336 meters) of the floor, ground, or

working platform.



Workers do not use twisted or kinked hoist

chains or hoist ropes.



Workers do not use hoist ropes or hoist

chains wrapped around the load as a

substitute for a sling.



The load is well secured and properly balanced

before it is lifted more than a few inches.



Operators are instructed to avoid carrying

loads above people, and provisions are

made to ensure that no one is below hoisted

material or equipment.



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Hoist and Auxiliary Equipment

Yes

N/A

Comments

All unsafe conditions, identified by

inspections, are corrected by designated

workers before crane operation resumes.



Safety latches and other devices are

used to prevent slippage of materials

off hoisting hooks.



Chains, ropes, chokers, and slings are

adequate for the materials they are securing.



Hoist controls are plainly marked to indicate

the direction of travel or motion.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.179, Overhead and Gantry Cranes

–

29 CFR 1910.181, Derricks

–

29 CFR 1910.184, Slings

–

29 CFR 1910. 219, Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus

•

OSHA:

Crane, Derrick and Hoist Safety

•

NIOSH Alert Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths from Mobile Crane Tip-Over, Boom Collapse, and

Uncontrolled Hoisted Loads

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Materials Handling

Yes

N/A

Comments

There is safe clearance for materials handling

equipment through aisles and doorways.



Aisles are permanently marked and kept clear

to allow unhindered passage.



Hand trucks, pallet jacks, powered industrial

trucks, and other equipment used for

materials handling are maintained in safe

operating condition.



Motorized hand and hand/rider trucks are

designed so that when the operator releases

the grip on the device that controls the

truck’s travel, the brakes are applied and

power to the drive motor shuts off.



Trucks and trailers are secured from movement

during loading and unloading operations.



Dockboards (bridge plates) are used when

loading and unloading operations are taking

place between vehicles and docks.



Dockboards are capable of supporting the

maximum intended load.



Chutes and gravity roller sections are firmly

placed or secured to prevent displacement.



Chutes are equipped with sideboards of

sufficient height to prevent the materials being

handled from falling off, and provisions are

made to brake the movement of the handled

materials at the delivery end of rollers or chutes.



Pallets are inspected before being loaded

or moved.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.176, Handling Materials

–

29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks

•

OSHA:

Materials Handling and Storage

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Powered Industrial Trucks

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers are properly trained, and certified

by the employer, to use of the type(s) of

powered industrial truck(s) (PIT) they operate,

and only trained workers operate the PIT.



Operator training and evaluation is

conducted by someone who has the

knowledge, training, and experience to train

PIT operators.



PIT operator performance is evaluated at

least once every three years, and workers

are retrained as necessary.



Overhead protection is provided on high‑lift

rider trucks, unless it interferes with the

operating conditions.



Any modifications and additions that

affect PIT capacity and safe operations are

only performed with manufacturer’s prior

written approval.



PITs equipped with non-factory installed

front-end attachments are marked to identify

the attachments and show the approximate

weight of the truck and attachments

combination at maximum elevation with the

load laterally centered.



Warning labels, tags, decals, plates, markings,

etc. , are updated, legible, and maintained.



Directional lighting is provided on PITs that

operate in areas with inadequate general

lighting (less than 2-lumens per square foot).



PITs are operated at speeds that allow them

to stop in a safe manner, under all travel

conditions and acceptable loading levels.



Parking brakes prevent the PIT from moving

when unattended.



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Powered Industrial Trucks

Yes

N/A

Comments

PITs that operate in hazardous environments

are approved for use in such locations.



Safe distances are maintained from the edges

of elevated ramps and platforms.



Workers do not stand or pass under elevated

portions of PITs, whether loaded or empty.



Unauthorized workers are not permitted to

ride on PITs.



Operators are prohibited from driving up to

anyone standing in front of a fixed object.



Arms and legs are not placed between the

uprights of the mast or outside the running

lines of the PIT.



Loads handled do not exceed the rated

capacity of the PIT.



PITs are inspected at the beginning of each

work shift for any safety concerns.



PITs in need of repair are removed from

service immediately.



Fuel tanks are not filled while the engine

is running.



PITs are operated and maintained such that

harmful concentrations of dangerous gases

or fumes do not occur.



PITs have a warning horn, whistle, gong, or

other device that can be clearly heard above

normal noise in the areas where it is operated.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910.178, Powered Industrial Trucks

•

OSHA:

Powered Industrial Trucks - Forklifts

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Medical Services and First Aid

Yes

N/A

Comments

A hospital, clinic, or infirmary for medical care

is located near the workplace.



If a medical facility is not located near the

workplace, at least one worker on each shift

is adequately trained and qualified to render

first aid.



Medical personnel are readily available

for advice and consultation on matters of

workers’ health.



Fully supplied first aid kits are easily

accessible to each work area, are adequate

for the particular area or operation, and

are periodically inspected and replenished

as needed.



Workers who only render first aid as a

collateral duty are provided with appropriate

PPE, such as gloves.



Workers who are expected to respond

to medical emergencies as part of their

job responsibilities have received first aid

training; had hepatitis B vaccinations made

available to them; had appropriate training on

procedures to protect them from bloodborne

pathogens, including universal precautions;

and have available and understand how to use

appropriate PPE to protect against exposure

to bloodborne diseases.



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Medical Services and First Aid

Yes

N/A

Comments

Any worker that had an exposure incident

involving bloodborne pathogens, received

an immediate post-exposure confidential

medical evaluation and follow-up.



Emergency phone numbers are posted.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910 .151, Medical Services and First Aid

–

29 CFR 1910 .1030, Bloodborne Pathogens

•

OSHA:

Medical and First Aid

•

OSHA:

Bloodborne Pathogens and Needlestick Prevention

•

NIOSH:

Infectious Agents Risk Factors

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Noise Exposure

Yes

N/A

Comments

Areas in the workplace where noise levels

exceed 85 decibels have been identified

and evaluated.



Noise levels have been measured with a

sound level meter or an octave band analyzer

and records are being kept.



When determined by an evaluation of worker

noise exposure, a hearing conservation

program has been implemented.



An ongoing preventive health program is in

place to educate workers about safe levels

of noise, exposures, effects of noise on their

health, and the use of personal protection.



When workers are subjected to sound

exceeding the levels in 29 CFR 1910. 95,

Table G-16, engineering controls,

administrative control, and/or personnel

protective equipment are used to reduce

the level of sound exposure to be within the

levels of the table.



Approved hearing protective equipment

(noise attenuating devices) is available to

every worker working in noisy areas.



Workers are properly fitted and instructed in

the use of hearing protectors.



Workers in high noise areas are given

periodic audiometric testing to ensure that

the hearing protection system is effective.



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Noise Exposure

Yes

N/A

Comments

A copy of OSHA’s Occupational Noise

Exposure standard is available and posted in

the workplace.



Warning signs are posted where hearing

protection is needed.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910 .95, Occupational Noise Exposure

•

OSHA:

Occupational Noise Exposure

•

NIOSH:

Noise and Hearing Loss

•

NIOSH Sound Level Meter App

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Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Yes

N/A

Comments

The workplace has been evaluated and

permit-required confined spaces have

been identified.



Danger signs are posted or other equally

effective means of informing workers is

provided regarding the existence and

location of, and the dangers posed by, the

confined spaces.



A written permit-required confined space

program has been implemented.



Adequate illumination is provided for the

work to be performed in the confined space.



All lines to a confined space that contain

inert, toxic, flammable, or corrosive materials

are valved off and blanked, or disconnected

and separated before entry.



All sources of mechanical energy, including

impellers, agitators, or other moving parts

and equipment inside confined spaces, are

locked out if they present a hazard.



All portable electrical equipment used

inside confined spaces is either grounded

and insulated, or equipped with ground

fault protection.



Before entry, confined spaces are thoroughly

emptied of any decaying vegetation or

animal matter that may produce methane, or

create an oxygen-deficient atmosphere.



Appropriate atmospheric tests are

performed to check for oxygen deficiency,

flammable gases and vapors, and for

potential toxic air contaminants in the

confined space before entry.



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Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Yes

N/A

Comments

The confined space is checked for

possible industrial waste that could

contain toxic properties.



Either natural or mechanical ventilation is

provided prior to confined space entry.



The atmosphere inside the confined space is

frequently tested or continuously monitored

during work.



When workers are using oxygen-consuming

equipment such as salamanders, torches,

furnaces, etc. , in a confined space, sufficient

air is provided to assure combustion without

reducing the oxygen concentration of the

atmosphere below 19. 5 percent by volume.



When combustion-type equipment is used

in a confined space, provisions are made to

ensure the exhaust gases are vented outside

of the enclosure.



If the confined space is below ground and

near areas where motor vehicles operate,

steps are taken to prevent vehicle exhaust or

carbon monoxide entering the space.



Use of approved respiratory equipment is

used if the atmosphere inside the confined

space cannot be made acceptable.



A trained and equipped attendant is

positioned outside the confined space,

whose sole responsibility is to watch

the work in progress, sound an alarm if

necessary, and render assistance.



Operable communications between the

entrant(s) and the attendant is maintained

while workers are in the confined space.



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Permit-Required Confined Spaces

Yes

N/A

Comments

The attendant is appropriately trained and

equipped to handle an emergency.



A means for quick removal of workers is

provided, in case of an emergency.



In an emergency situation, if there

is any question as to the cause, the

rescue workers have lifelines, retrieval

equipment, and appropriate PPE including

respiratory protection.



Before entry, operable communications with

and availability of rescue services are verified.



Compressed gas cylinders are prohibited

inside confined spaces.



Before gas welding or burning is started in a

confined space, hoses are checked for leaks,

torches are lighted only outside the confined

space, and the confined space is tested for

an explosive atmosphere each time before a

lighted torch is taken into the confined space.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910 .146, Permit-required confined spaces

–

29 CFR 1910 .252, General requirement, Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

•

OSHA:

Confined Spaces

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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Yes

N/A

Comments

Hazards that require the use of PPE (e. g. ,

head, eye, face, hand, or foot protection)

have been identified.



For the hazards identified, the appropriate

and properly fitted PPE has been selected to

provide suitable protection from these hazards.



Affected workers use the appropriate PPE.



PPE is provided by the employer, at no cost

to the workers, except as noted in 29 CFR

1910.132(h).



Workers have been trained on PPE

procedures, including what PPE is necessary

for job tasks, when it is needed, and how to

properly wear and adjust it.



Appropriate eye or face protection is used

when workers are exposed to hazards such as

flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals,

acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or

vapors, or potentially injurious light radiation.



Workers who wear corrective lenses

(glasses or contacts) in workplaces with

harmful exposures wear eye protection that

incorporates the prescription in its design, or

wear eye protections that fits properly over

the prescription lenses.



Protective eye and face protection devices

comply with the requirements of the

appropriate ANSI standards, or provide

protection that is at least as effective as the

comparable ANSI standard.



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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Yes

N/A

Comments

Protective gloves, aprons, shields, or other

means are used where workers could be

cut or where there is reasonably anticipated

exposure to corrosive liquids, chemicals, or

blood or other potentially infectious materials.



Hard hats are worn where the danger of

falling objects exists.



Hard hats are periodically inspected for

damage to the shell and suspension system.



Appropriate foot protection is used where

there is the risk of foot injuries from hot,

corrosive, or poisonous substances, falling

objects, crushing, or penetrating actions.



Protection against the effects of

occupational noise is used when sound levels

exceed those of the Occupational Noise

Exposure standard (29 CFR 1910. 95).



PPE is maintained in a sanitary condition and

ready for use.



Appropriate procedures are in place

to dispose of or decontaminate PPE

contaminated with, or reasonably anticipated

to be contaminated with, blood or other

potentially infectious materials.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910.132, PPE General Requirements

–

29 CFR 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection

–

29 CFR 1910.135, Head Protection

–

29 CFR 1910.136, Foot Protection

–

29 CFR 1910.137, Electrical Protective Equipment

–

29 CFR 1910.138, Hand Protection

•

OSHA:

Personal Protective Equipment

•

OSHA:

Eye and Face Protection

•

NIOSH:

Personal Protective Equipment

•

NIOSH:

Protective Clothing and Ensembles

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Respiratory Protection

Yes

N/A

Comments

To the extent feasible, engineering

controls are used to prevent atmospheric

contamination in the workplace.



Hazards that require the use of respiratory

protection have been identified.



Appropriate respirators are provided for

worker use.



A written respiratory protection program

has been established and implemented

in accordance with the requirements of

29 CFR 1910.134(c).



The written respiratory protection program

provides workers with worksite-specific

procedures for: selecting respirators; proper

use of respirators in routine and reasonably

foreseeable emergencies situations; and

cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting,

repairing, discarding, and otherwise

maintaining respirators.



As part of the respiratory protection

program, workers are trained on the correct

usage and limitations of the respirators.



Respirators are National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-

approved for the particular application.



Respirators are regularly inspected, cleaned,

sanitized and maintained.



Before workers first use, or are fit-tested for, a

respirator, they receive a medical evaluation

in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134(e).



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Respiratory Protection

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers designated to wear tight-fitting

respirators are fit-tested before their first use

of a respirator and at least annually thereafter.



Workers are trained in the respiratory hazards

to which they may be exposed.



Workers are trained at least annually in the

proper use of respirators, including putting

on and removing them, any limitations on

their use, and their maintenance.



Respirators are stored in a manner and

location to protect them from damage,

contamination, dust, sunlight, extreme

temperatures, excessive moisture, and

damaging chemicals, and are packed

or stored to prevent deformation of the

facepiece and exhalation valve.



Emergency respirators are kept accessible

to the work area, and the storage location is

marked as containing emergency respirators.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection

•

OSHA:

Respiratory Protection

•

OSHA:

Small Entity Compliance Guide – Respiratory Protection Standard

•

NIOSH:

Respirators

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Walking-Working Surfaces

Elevated Surfaces

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers working on surfaces that are

elevated more than 4 feet (1. 2 meters) above

a lower level are protected from falling by

guardrail systems, safety net systems, or

personal fall protection systems.



Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems are

erected to prevent objects from falling to

lower levels.



Canopy structures are erected under

elevated surfaces and potential falling

objects are kept from the edge or hole, or the

areas where objects could fall are barricaded

and entrance into those areas is prohibited.



Workers exposed to potential falling objects

wear appropriate PPE, such as head protection.



Appropriate headroom is provided

where necessary.



Material on elevated surfaces is piled, stacked,

or racked in a manner to prevent it from

tipping, falling, collapsing, rolling, or spreading.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 22, General Requirements, for Walking and Working Surfaces

–

29 CFR 1910. 28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection

•

OSHA:

Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection

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Floor Holes and Wall Openings

Yes

N/A

Comments

Floor holes are guarded by a cover, a

guardrail, or equivalent on all sides (except

at stairways or ladder entrances).



Toeboards are installed around the edges of

permanent floor holes where persons may

pass below the hole.



Covers including skylight screens, are

able to withstand, without failure, twice

the maximum intended load that may be

imposed on the cover at any one time.



Grates or similar type covers over floor holes,

such as floor drains, are designed to allow

unimpeded foot traffic and rolling equipment.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection

–

29 CFR 1910. 29, Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection – Criteria and Practices

•

OSHA:

Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection

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Portable Ladders

Yes

N/A

Comments

All ladders are maintained in good condition;

joints between steps and side rails are

tight, all hardware and fittings are securely

attached, and moveable parts operating

freely without binding or undue play.



Ladders used on slippery surfaces are

secured and stabilized.



Ladders are not placed in front of

passageways, doorways, or driveways where

they can be displaced by other activities or

traffic unless they are secured to prevent

accidental displacement or are guarded by a

temporary barricade to keep the activities or

traffic away from the ladder.



Ladders are not placed on boxes, barrels,

lifts, or other unstable bases to obtain

additional height.



Workers face the ladder and maintain

three points of contact (two hands and a

foot, or two feet and a hand) on the ladder

when climbing.



Workers do not carry any object or load that

could cause them to lose balance and fall

while climbing the ladder.



Workers do not use ladders that are broken;

have missing steps, rungs, or cleats; broken

side rails; or other faulty equipment.



Workers do not use the top step of ordinary

stepladders as a step.



When portable ladders are used to gain

access to elevated platforms, roofs, etc. , the

ladder always extends at least 3 feet (0. 9

meters) above the elevated surface.



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Portable Ladders

Yes

N/A

Comments

The tops of non-self-supporting ladders are

placed so that both side rails are supported.



Workers secure the base of a portable ladder

to prevent slipping, or otherwise lash or hold

it in place when used on unstable, slanted, or

uneven surfaces.



Metal ladders are made with

corrosion‑resistant materials or

protected against corrosion.



Portable metal ladders are legibly marked with

signs reading “CAUTION - Do Not Use Around

Electrical Equipment” or equivalent wording.



Workers do not use ladders as guys, braces,

skids, gin poles, or for other than their

intended purposes.



Workers adjust extension ladders while

standing at the base and not while standing on

the ladder or from a position above the ladder.



All ladders are routinely inspected for damage.



Ladders with structural or other defects are

immediately tagged “Dangerous: Do Not

Use” or with similar language and removed

from service until repaired or replaced.



Steps on step stools; and ladder rungs, steps

and cleats, are equally spaced at distances

required by 29 CFR 1910. 23(b).



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910. 23, Ladders

•

OSHA:

Portable Ladder Safety QuickCard

•

NIOSH - Ladder Safety App

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Stairs and Stairways

Yes

N/A

Comments

Stair rail systems and handrails are provided

on all stairways having at least four risers.



Standard stairs are at least 22 inches

(56 centimeters) wide.



Standard stairs are angled between 50 and

30 degrees.



Stair riser heights and tread depths are

uniform between landings.



Steps are slip-resistant.



Stairway handrails are located between

30 inches (76 centimeters) and 38 inches

(97 centimeters) above the leading edge

of stair treads.



Stairway handrails have at least 2. 25 inches

(5. 7 centimeters) of clearance between the

handrails and any other object, including the

wall or surface they are mounted on.



The swing of doors or gates opening directly

on a stairway platform does not reduce the

effective usable depth of the platform to: less

than 20 inches (51 centimeters) if the platform

was installed prior to January 17, 2017, or

22 inches (56 centimeters) if the platform

was installed on or after January 17, 2017.



Stairway handrails are capable of

withstanding a load of 200 pounds

(890 Newtons), applied within 2 inches

(5.1 centimeters) of the top edge in any

downward or outward direction.



Stairway landings and platforms are at least

equal to the width of the stairway and at

least 30 inches (76 centimeters) in depth, as

measured in the direction of travel.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

29 CFR 1910. 25, Stairways

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Walkways

Yes

N/A

Comments

Walking-working surfaces (any horizontal or

vertical surface on or through which a worker

walks, works, or gains access to a work area

or workplace location) are kept clean, orderly,

and in a sanitary condition.



Wet surfaces are covered with non-slip

materials or where wet processes are used,

drainage is maintained and where feasible,

false floors, platforms, and mats are provided.



Holes in the floor, sidewalk, and other

walking-working surfaces are repaired

properly, covered, and otherwise made safe.



Material and equipment is stored in such

a way that projections do not interfere

with walkways.



Spilled materials are cleaned up immediately.



Aisles and walkways that pass near moving or

operating machinery, welding operations, and

similar operations are arranged so workers are

not subjected to potential hazards.



Adequate headroom is provided for the entire

length of aisles, walkways, and stairways.



Guardrails are provided wherever aisle,

walkway, and stairway surfaces are elevated

more than four feet (1. 2 meters) above any

adjacent floor or the ground.



Walking-working surfaces are inspected

regularly and maintained in a safe condition.



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Walkways

Yes

N/A

Comments

Hazardous conditions on walking-working

surfaces are corrected or repaired before

workers use the surface again.



Workers are provided with a safe

means of access to and egress from

walking‑working surfaces.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910. 22, General Requirements for Walking and Working Surfaces

–

29 CFR 1910. 25, Stairways

–

29 CFR 1910. 28, Duty to Have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection

•

OSHA:

Walking-Working Surfaces and Fall Protection

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Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Yes

N/A

Comments

Only authorized and trained workers are

permitted to use welding, cutting, and

brazing equipment.



Each worker has a copy of, and follows the

appropriate operating instructions.



Only approved apparatuses (torches,

regulators, pressure reducing valves, acetylene

generators, manifolds, etc. ) are used.



Precautions are taken to prevent the mixture

of air or oxygen with flammable gases,

except at a burner or in a standard torch.



Fuel gas and oxygen gas cylinders,

cylinder valves, couplings, regulators, hoses,

and apparatuses are kept free of oily or

greasy substances.



Cylinders are stored in assigned locations

away from sources of heat, and from

elevators, stairs, and gangways.



Fuel gas cylinders and oxygen cylinders

in storage are separated by a distance of

at least 20 feet, or by a non-combustible

barrier at least 5 feet (1. 5m) high, having a

fire‑resistance rating of at least 30 minutes.



Regulators are removed and valve-protection

caps put in place before moving cylinders,

unless they are secured on special trucks.



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Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers are trained to never crack open a fuel

gas cylinder valve near sources of ignition.



Before a regulator is removed, the valve is

closed and gas is released.



Red is used to identify the acetylene (and

other fuel-gas) hose, green is used for the

oxygen hose, and black is used for inert gas

and air hoses.



Pressure-reducing regulators are used

only for the gas and pressures for which

they are intended.



Open circuit (no-load) voltage of arc welding

and cutting machines is as low as possible

and not in excess of the recommended limits.



Grounding of the machine frame and safety

ground connections of portable machines is

checked periodically.



Electrodes are removed from holders when

not in use.



Electric power to the welder is shut off when

no one is in attendance.



Workers do not coil or loop welding

electrode cables around their bodies.



Under wet conditions, automatic controls for

reducing no-load voltage are used.



Wet machines are thoroughly dried and

tested before use.



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Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Yes

N/A

Comments

Work and electrode lead cables are

frequently inspected for wear and damage,

and replaced when needed.



Cable connectors are adequately insulated.



Floors are swept clean and combustible

floors are kept wet, covered with damp sand,

or protected by fire-resistant shields.



When the object to be welded cannot

be moved and fire hazards cannot be

removed, shields are used to confine heat,

sparks and slag.



Precautions are taken to protect

combustibles on the other side of metal walls

when welding is underway.



Fire watchers are assigned when welding or

cutting is performed in locations where a fire

might develop.



Suitable fire extinguishing equipment is

available for immediate use.



Used drums, barrels, tanks and other

containers are thoroughly cleaned of

substances that could explode, ignite, or

produce toxic vapors, before hot work begins.



Adequate ventilation is provided in areas

where welding or cutting is performed.



Oxygen cylinders in storage are separated

from fuel gas cylinders.



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Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

Yes

N/A

Comments

In areas where fuel gases are used or stored,

signs are posted that read DANGER, NO

SMOKING, MATCHES, OR OPEN LIGHTS, or

the equivalent.



Workers exposed to arc welding rays and

other hazards created by welding, cutting,

or brazing operations are protected with PPE

and protective clothing.



PPE is appropriate for the work being

performed.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA Regulations:

–

29 CFR 1910 .252, General Requirement, Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

–

29 CFR 1910 .253, Oxygen-Fuel Gas Welding and Cutting

–

29 CFR 1910 .254, Arc Welding and Cutting

–

29 CFR 1910 .255, Resistance Welding

•

OSHA:

Welding, Cutting, and Brazing

•

NIOSH:

Welding Fumes and Manganese

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Workplace Violence Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

Are any of these workplace violence risk factors present in the workplace?

The business is in one of the following

industries that OSHA recognizes as a high-

risk industry: healthcare and social assistance,

correctional settings, late-night retail, or taxi

and for hire services/public transportation.



Workers have experienced violent acts or

threats of violence in the workplace:

by people who enter the workplace to

commit a robbery or other crime,

by customers, clients, patients, students,

inmates, or any others to whom the

employer provides services,

by co-workers, former employees,

managers/supervisors, or

by someone who does not have a

relationship with the business but has a

personal relationship with the victim.



Workplace violence incidents are identified

in safety and health records, including the

OSHA 300 log, first aid records, near miss

reports, workers’ compensation records, or

insurance reports.



A worksite analysis has identified workplace

violence-related hazards.



Workers, through conversations or

surveys, have raised concerns or identified

incidents of workplace violence.



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 85

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Workplace Violence Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

If you responded “Yes” to any of the above, use the following checklist to assess workplace

violence preparedness:

A written program is in place to prevent

workplace violence. The program is reviewed

annually and updated as necessary.



Management shows commitment to

preventing workplace violence and

encourages worker involvement in

all aspects of the workplace violence

prevention program.



Processes and procedures are in place to

continually identify workplace hazards and

evaluate risks of workplace violence. For

example, worksite and records analyses

are conducted on a regular basis and

threat assessments are conducted after

nonemergency incidents.



Processes, procedures, and controls,

appropriate to the worksite, are implemented

to eliminate or substantially reduce

workplace violence hazards.



Engineering controls (e. g. , access to exits,

physical barriers, and security technology,

such as panic buttons/alarm systems)

and administrative controls (e. g. , rules for

interacting with clients, a system for tracking

violent clients, protocols for calling security

and/or the police) are implemented.



All workers receive training on the workplace

violence prevention program, (including

de-escalation techniques), what to do in

an emergency, and their responsibilities

under the program (e. g. , incident response,

reporting, and recordkeeping).



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 86

82 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Workplace Violence Prevention

Yes

N/A

Comments

Accurate records of workplace violence

incidents are maintained and analyzed to

determine what corrective actions are needed.



A “buddy system” is in place so workers are

not working alone. This set up can reduce

the threat of violence and increase the

ability to call for assistance if an incident of

violence occurs.



Workers can immediately request assistance

when workplace violence is being threatened

or is occurring.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA:

Workplace Violence

(provides information on the extent of violence in the workplace,

assessing the hazards in different settings, and developing workplace violence prevention programs

for individual worksites)

•

NIOSH:

Workplace Violence

(provides resources and training on workplace violence prevention in

Spanish and English)

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83 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Young Workers

Young workers are an asset to the workforce, but it may be their first job or their first time working in

your industry. Many of their positive traits—energy, enthusiasm, and a need for increased challenge

and responsibility—can contribute to them taking on tasks they may not be prepared to do safely.

Young workers may also be reluctant to ask questions or make demands on their employers. Teen

workers are at particularly high risk for workplace injuries and are approximately twice as likely to be

injured than adult workers. Educating and engaging with young workers about workplace safety and

health is key to preventing job-related injuries and illnesses.

Young Workers

Yes

N/A

Comments

Workers under 16 do not perform jobs or

tasks prohibited by

state

and

federal

child

labor laws.



Workers under 17 do not drive for work.



Seventeen-year-old workers drive for work

only if they have a valid driver’s license, the

driving task is incidental to the job, and they

meet

certain requirements



Workers under 18 do not work too many

hours, too late, or too early in compliance

with

state

and

federal

child labor laws.



Workers under 18 do not do any hazardous

work or operate hazardous equipment

prohibited by

state

and

federal

child labor laws .



If required by

state

law, all workers under

18 have a valid work permit issued by their

school district or another designated agency.



Workers 18 to 21 years old do not drive

commercial vehicles across state lines.



Managers and workers have been trained on

relevant child labor laws.



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 88

84 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Young Workers

Yes

N/A

Comments

Managers and coworkers

do not instruct

young workers to do tasks or operate

equipment for which they are not trained



Equipment operated by young workers is

both safe for them to use and legal for them

to operate.



Equipment that young workers are not

allowed to operate is clearly labeled and

pointed out to all staff as part of training.



Young workers are asked about prior job

experience and work safety and health

training in order to tailor current job-specific

safety and health training.



Young workers are taught about safety and

health hazards present on the job, how these

hazards can injure a worker, precautions for

preventing an injury, and workers’ rights on

the job.



Young worker training provides key job

safety instruction, including safe work

practices and equipment, ensures tasks to

be performed are clearly understood, and

provides opportunities for questions.



Young workers are encouraged to ask

questions about tasks or procedures that

are unclear or not fully understood and they

are told who to ask if they have questions

or concerns.



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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 89

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Young Workers

Yes

N/A

Comments

Key job safety information/instructions are

routinely reinforced in a variety of ways,

especially over the first several weeks on the

job, to help ensure young workers clearly

understand tasks to be performed.



Young workers are actively encouraged to

ask questions and share ideas during team

meetings and training.



Young workers are told what to do if they get

hurt on the job

and where to go if they need

emergency medical treatment.



Young workers understand that they will not

be fired or disciplined for reporting an unsafe

work condition, an injury or a “near-miss. ”



Young workers are trained and prepared for

emergencies and are shown escape routes.



All workers, including teens, are covered by

workers’ compensation.



When possible, young workers participate

in OSHA 10-hour trainings that provide a

general awareness

of workplace hazard

identification and control and information

about workers’ rights.



Additional Resources

•

OSHA:

Young Workers

•

OSHA:

Outreach Training Program

•

Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division:

State Labor Laws

•

Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division:

Young Workers

•

Department of Labor, Wage and Hour Division:

YouthRules - Employers

•

NIOSH:

Young Worker Safety and Health

•

NIOSH:

Young Drivers at Work

•

Labor Occupational Health Program:

Facts for

Employers – Safer Jobs for Teens

•

National Young Worker Safety Resource

Center:

Engaging Employers in Protecting

Young Workers

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OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 90

86 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Safety and Health Assistance for

Small Businesses

The following are some key workplace safety and health

resources for small businesses. For more information, see

OSHA’s Small Business webpage

OSHA Resources

On-Site Consultation Program

The OSHA

On-Site Consultation Program

offers

no-cost and confidential occupational safety

and health services to small and medium-

sized businesses in all 50 states, the District

of Columbia, and several U. S. territories,

with priority given to high-hazard worksites.

Highly trained safety and occupational health

professionals (i. e. , consultants) from On-Site

Consultation programs established within state

agencies or universities work with employers to

identify safety and health hazards in workplaces

and how to fix them. Consultants also advise

employers on how to comply with OSHA

standards, train and educate workers, and assist

with establishing and improving safety and

health programs.

Consultation services are voluntary. To take

advantage of this resource, employers request

a consultation visit from their local Consultation

program and determine the scope of the visit.

The visit may focus on a single concern at a

facility or it may involve a thorough hazard

assessment of an entire facility and its operations.

Benefits of working with Consultation

programs include:

•

better workplace safety and health conditions,

•

enhanced morale and welfare, and

•

savings related to reductions in injury and illness

rates, lost work days, workers’ compensation

costs, equipment damage, and product losses.

A small business employer may become eligible

for another benefit of the On-Site Consultation

Program – participation in the

Safety and

Health Achievement Recognition Program

(SHARP)

. SHARP recognizes small business

employers who have used consultation services

and operate an exemplary safety and health

program. Acceptance into SHARP by OSHA is

an achievement that singles out a business

as a model for workplace safety and health. A

worksite receives a deferral from OSHA or State

Plan programmed inspections during the period

that its SHARP designation is valid.

If you are a small business employer interested in

no-cost, confidential consultation visit by highly

trained consultants, or to locate the consultation

program in your state, visit OSHA’s

On-Site

Consultation Program webpage

or call (800) 321-

6742 (OSHA).

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 91

87 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Compliance Assistance Specialists

OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialists in

OSHA’s field offices around the country inform

employers and workers about OSHA standards,

give presentations on specific hazards, and

provide information on OSHA’s compliance

assistance resources and cooperative programs.

Visit OSHA’s

Compliance Assistance Specialist

webpage

or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742) to

contact your local OSHA office.

Standards, Regulations, and the

General Duty Clause

OSHA has

four separate sets of standards

•

General Industry (29 Code of Federal

Regulations [CFR] 1910)

•

Construction (29 CFR 1926)

•

Maritime Employment (29 CFR 1915-1919)

•

Agriculture (29 CFR 1928)

OSHA also has regulations on posting and other

administrative matters in 29 CFR 1903 and on

recording and reporting of injuries and illnesses

in 29 CFR 1904.

In addition, the OSH Act, in Section 5(a)(1), has a

general duty clause, which provides that:

(a) Each employer – (1) shall furnish to each

of his employees employment and a place of

employment which are free from recognized

hazards that are causing or are likely to cause

death or serious physical harm to his employees.

A recognized hazard is a danger recognized by

the employer’s industry or industry in general,

by the employer, or by common sense. The

general duty clause does not apply if there is an

OSHA standard dealing with the hazard, unless

the employer knows that the standard does not

adequately address the hazard.

Review the OSHA standards to identify those that

apply to your business. Read the introduction

to the subpart heading, and then analyze the

possible hazards in terms of your workplace, your

equipment, your materials, and your workers.

For example, if you are engaged in retail trade or

service and you do not have compressed gases,

flammables, or explosives on your premises,

Hazardous Materials (Subpart H) standards do

not apply to your business.

If you have any questions in determining whether

a standard applies to your workplace, visit the

OSHA website or contact the nearest

OSHA

Area Office

or your state

On-Site Consultation

program

. Employers can also read OSHA’s

standard interpretations

, which are letters or

memos written in response to questions from the

public about how OSHA interprets or enforces

some aspect of an OSHA standard or regulation.

Publications and Other

Educational Materials

OSHA has many types of educational materials

to help employers and workers find and prevent

workplace hazards, including:

•

Publications.

All OSHA publications are free at

www. osha. gov/publications

. You can also call

1-800-321-OSHA (6742) to order publications.

•

Videos.

OSHA videos are available at

www.‌osha. gov/video

•

Safety and Health Topics Pages.

OSHA’s

Safety and Health Topics pages

provide

regulatory and enforcement information,

hazard identification and controls, and

best practices and other resources to assist

employers, workers, and safety and health

professionals ensure safer workplaces.

•

QuickTakes

. Employers and safety and health

professionals can sign-up for

QuickTakes

www. osha. gov/quicktakes

. OSHA’s free, twice-

monthly online newsletter provides the latest

news about OSHA initiatives and resources.

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 92

88 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Training Resources

•

Education Centers.

The OSHA Training Institute

partners with

OSHA Training Institute Education

Centers

at locations throughout the United

States to deliver courses on OSHA standards

and occupational safety and health topics to

thousands of students a year. These OSHA

education centers operate in conjunction with

universities, colleges, and learning centers to

conduct OSHA courses for the private sector

and other federal agencies, making safety and

health training and education more accessible

to those who need it. There are tuition fees for

private sector students.

•

Outreach Training Program.

The

OSHA

Outreach Training Program

is a voluntary

program to promote workplace safety

and health and to make workers more

knowledgeable about workplace hazards and

their rights. Through this program, authorized

trainers provide 10- and 30-hour training

programs. Outreach training does not fulfill

the training requirements found in OSHA

standards. Employers must provide additional

training for their workers on specific hazards

of their job.

Cooperative Programs

OSHA offers the following

cooperative programs

under which businesses, labor groups, and other

organizations can work cooperatively with OSHA.

•

Strategic Partnerships.

Under the

OSHA

Strategic Partnership Program

(OSPP), OSHA

partners with employers, workers, professional

or trade associations, labor organizations,

and other interested stakeholders. OSHA

Strategic Partnerships are unique agreements

designed to encourage, assist, and recognize

partner efforts to eliminate serious hazards

and enhance workplace safety and health

practices. OSHA Strategic Partnerships

establish specific goals, strategies, and

performance measures to improve worker

safety and health. Most OSHA Strategic

Partnerships are based out of local OSHA Area

or Regional Offices.

•

Alliance Program.

The

OSHA Alliance Program

enables the agency to develop voluntary,

collaborative working relationships with

organizations that are committed to workplace

safety and health. Through the Alliance

Program, OSHA works with organizations such

as trade and professional associations, labor

unions, educational institutions, community

and faith-based groups, and government

agencies to share information about OSHA’s

initiative and compliance assistance resources

with workers and employers, and educate

workers and employers about their rights

and responsibilities

•

Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP).

The

OSHA Voluntary Protection Programs

(VPP)

recognize employers and workers in the

private industry and federal agencies who

have implemented effective safety and health

management systems and maintain injury

and illness rates below national Bureau of

Labor Statistics averages for their respective

industries. In VPP, management, labor, and

OSHA work cooperatively and proactively

to prevent fatalities, injuries, and illnesses

through a system focused on: hazard

prevention and control; worksite analysis;

training; and management commitment and

worker involvement. To participate, employers

must submit an application to OSHA and

undergo a rigorous onsite evaluation by a

team of safety and health professionals.

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 93

89 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Whistleblower Program:

Protection from Retaliation

To help ensure that workers are free to participate

in safety and health activities, Section 11(c) of

the OSH Act prohibits any person from firing or

in any manner retaliating against any worker for

exercising rights under the OSH Act. These rights

include raising safety and health concerns with

an employer, reporting a work-related injury or

illness, filing a complaint with OSHA, seeking

an OSHA inspection, participating in an OSHA

inspection and participating or testifying in any

proceeding related to an OSHA inspection.

Protection from retaliation means that an

employer cannot retaliate by taking “adverse

action” against workers, such as:

•

Firing or laying off

•

Demoting

•

Denying overtime or promotion

•

Disciplining

•

Denying benefits

•

Failing to hire or rehire

•

Intimidation or harassment

•

Making threats

•

Reassignment to a less desirable position or

actions affecting prospects for promotion

(such as excluding an employee from training

meetings)

•

Reducing or changing pay or hours

•

More subtle actions, such as isolating,

ostracizing, mocking, or falsely accusing the

employee of poor performance

•

Blacklisting (intentionally interfering with an

employee’s ability to obtain future employment)

•

Constructive discharge (quitting when an

employer makes working conditions intolerable

due to the employee’s protected activity)

•

Reporting or threatening to report an employee

to the police or immigration authorities

Workers who believe an employer has retaliated

against them for exercising their safety and

health rights should contact their local OSHA

office right away. A worker must file a retaliation

complaint with OSHA within 30 calendar days

from the date the retaliatory decision has

been both made and communicated to the

worker. No form is needed, but workers must

contact OSHA within 30 days of the alleged

retaliation. Complaints may be filed verbally

with OSHA by visiting or calling the local OSHA

office at 1-800-321-OSHA (6742), or may be

filed in writing by sending a written complaint

by facsimile, electronic communication, hand

delivery during normal business hours, U. S. mail,

or other third‑party commercial carrier to the

closest OSHA regional or area office, or by

filing a complaint online at

www.‌osha.‌gov/

whistleblower/WBComplaint

. For more

information, please visit OSHA’s

Whistleblower

Protection Program webpage

If a worker believes that working conditions

are unsafe or unhealthful, the worker may file a

complaint with OSHA concerning a hazardous

working condition. The worker may have a legal

right to refuse to work if the condition clearly

presents a risk of death or serious physical

harm, there is not sufficient time for OSHA

to inspect, and, where possible, a worker has

brought the condition to the attention of the

employer. For more information, visit OSHA’s

Worker Rights webpage

State Plans

State Plans are OSHA-approved workplace safety

and health programs operated by individual

states instead of Federal OSHA. There are

currently 22 states or territories that have OSHA-

approved state programs that cover both private

sector and state and local government workers.

OSHA monitors State Plans, which must be at

least as effective as OSHA in protecting workers

and in preventing work‑related injuries, illnesses,

and deaths.

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 94

90 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

If you are in a state with an OSHA-approved

State Plan, you may be subject to different

or additional requirements, and different

or additional cooperative programs may be

available to you.

For more information, and to find contact

information for your State Plan, see OSHA’s

State Plans webpage

This state’s OSHA-approved State Plan covers private and state/local government workplaces.

This state’s OSHA-approved State Plan covers state/local government workers only.

This state (with no asterisk *) is a federal OSHA state.

Map of states with OSHA-approved State Plan.

National Institute for

Occupational Safety and

Health (NIOSH) Resources

NIOSH

is a research agency focused on the study

of worker safety and health, and empowering

employers and workers to create safe and healthy

workplaces. NIOSH is part of the U. S. Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and has

the mandate to assure “every man and woman in

the Nation safe and healthful working conditions

and to preserve our human resources. ”

Contact NIOSH: 1-800-CDC-INFO or TTY 1-888-

232-6348,

cdcinfo@cdc. gov

NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation

(HHE) Program

The

NIOSH HHE Program

helps employers and

employees learn whether health hazards are

present at their workplace and recommends

ways to reduce hazards and prevent work-related

illness. Evaluations are done at no cost.

NIOSH Small Business

Resource Guide

The

Small Business Resource Guide

provides

plans, tools, tips, and information for keeping

your workers safe and well while managing time

and cost investments.

NIOSH Fatality Assessment and

Control Evaluation (FACE) Program

Through the

FACE Program

, NIOSH and state

partners investigate selected work- related

fatalities to identify work situations that pose a

high risk of injury. NIOSH and its partners then

formulate and disseminate prevention strategies.

FACE investigation reports and related NIOSH

worker safety and health documents can be

accessed at the NIOSH FACE webpage.

Other Resources

Workers’ Compensation Carriers and

Other Insurance Companies

Many workers’ compensation carriers, as well as

liability and fire insurance companies, conduct

periodic inspections and visits to evaluate safety

and health hazards. Managers of small and

medium-sized businesses should know what

services are available from these sources. Contact

your carrier to see what it has to offer.

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 95

91 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Trade Associations and

Employer Groups

Many trade associations and employer groups

collect and disseminate information on

workplace safety and health matters to better

serve their members. If you are a member of

such a group, find out how it is assisting its

members. If you are not a member, find out if

these groups are also circulating their materials

to nonmembers.

Trade Unions and Employee Groups

If your workers are organized, set up

communications, as you do in normal labor

relations, to coordinate action on hazards in your

business. Safety and health is one area where

advance planning will produce action on common

goals. Many trade unions have safety and health

expertise that they are willing to share.

Professional Associations

The following are examples of professional

associations that have a broad range of expertise

and information on workplace safety and health

and have local chapters that small businesses

could join.

•

National Safety Council

•

American Society of Safety Professionals

•

American Industrial Hygiene Association

Small Business Development Centers

The U. S. Small Business Administration (SBA)

administers the

Small Business Development

Center (SBDC) Program

to provide management

and technical assistance to current and

prospective small business owners. Their nearly

1,000 centers across the country have services

that include helping small businesses with

financial, marketing, production, organization,

engineering, and technical problems.

Voluntary Consensus Standards

Organization such as the

American National

Standards Institute

(ANSI) and

National Fire

Protection Association

(NFPA) issue voluntary

consensus standards on various workplace safety

and health topics. These are not OSHA standards,

but they are developed by organizations through

an open and balanced process to reflect current

expertise and industry best practices.

The Small Business

Regulatory Enforcement

Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA)

The

Small Business Regulatory Enforcement

Fairness Act of 1996

(SBREFA) gives small

businesses help in understanding and complying

with OSHA regulations and allows them a voice

in developing new regulations. Under SBREFA,

OSHA must:

•

Produce Small Entity Compliance Guides for

some agency rules;

•

Be responsive to small business inquiries about

complying with the Agency’s regulations;

•

Submit final rules to Congress for review;

•

Have a penalty reduction policy for small

businesses; and

•

Involve small businesses in developing

proposed rules expected to significantly affect

a large number of small entities through Small

Business Advocacy Review Panels.

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 96

92 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Commenting on Enforcement Actions

Under a law passed by Congress in 1996, the Small

Business Administration (SBA) has established an

SBA Ombudsman and SBA Regulatory Fairness

Boards to investigate small business complaints

about Federal agency enforcement actions.

If you are a small business and believe that you

have been treated unfairly by OSHA, you may

file an electronic comment/complaint with

the SBA Ombudsman online at:

www.sba. gov/

ombudsman

. Or you may contact the SBA’s Office

of the National Ombudsman:

•

Toll-free Phone: (888) REG-FAIR (734-3247)

•

Fax: (202) 481-5719

•

E-mail:

ombudsman@sba. gov

•

Mail:

Office of the National Ombudsman

U. S. Small Business Administration

409 3rd Street, S. W. , MC2120

Washington, DC 20416

OSHA Regional Offices

Region 1

Boston Regional Office

(CT*, ME*, MA*, NH, RI, VT*)

JFK Federal Building

25 New Sudbury Street, Room E340

Boston, MA 02203

(617) 565-9860 (617) 565-9827 Fax

Region 2

New York Regional Office

(NJ*, NY*, PR*, VI*)

Federal Building

201 Varick Street, Room 670

New York, NY 10014

(212) 337-2378 (212) 337-2371 Fax

Region 3

Philadelphia Regional Office

(DE, DC, MD*, PA, VA*, WV)

1835 Market Street

Mailstop OSHA-RO/19

Philadelphia, PA 19103

(215) 861-4900 (215) 861-4904 Fax

Region 4

Atlanta Regional Office

(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN*)

Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center

61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 6T50

Atlanta, GA 30303

(678) 237-0400 (678) 237-0447 Fax

Region 5

Chicago Regional Office

(IL*, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)

John C. Kluczynski Federal Building

230 South Dearborn Street, Room 3244

Chicago, IL 60604

(312) 353-2220 (312) 353-7774 Fax

Region 6

Dallas Regional Office

(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)

A. Maceo Smith Federal Building

525 Griffin Street, Room 602

Dallas, TX 75202

(972) 850-4145 (972) 850-4149 Fax

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 97

93 | SMALL BUSINESS SAFETY AND HEALTH HANDBOOK

Region 7

Kansas City Regional Office

(IA*, KS, MO, NE)

Two Pershing Square Building

2300 Main Street, Suite 1010

Kansas City, MO 64108-2416

(816) 283-8745 (816) 283-0547 Fax

Region 8

Denver Regional Office

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)

Cesar Chavez Memorial Building

1244 Speer Boulevard, Suite 551

Denver, CO 80204

(720) 264-6550 (720) 264-6585 Fax

Region 9

San Francisco Regional Office

(AZ*, CA*, HI*, NV*, and American Samoa,

Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)

San Francisco Federal Building

90 7th Street, Suite 2650

San Francisco, CA 94103

(415) 625-2547 (415) 625-2534 Fax

Region 10

Seattle Regional Office

(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)

909 1st Ave, Suite 201A

Seattle, WA 98104

Mailing address:

20425 72nd Ave South, Suite 150A

Kent, WA 98032-2388

(206) 757-6700 (206) 757-6705 Fax

*These states and territories operate their own

OSHA-approved job safety and health plans and

cover state and local government employees

as well as private sector employees. The

Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, New

Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands programs

cover public employees only. (Private sector

workers in these states are covered by Federal

OSHA). States with approved programs must

have standards that are identical to, or at least as

effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.

Note: To get contact information for OSHA area

offices, OSHA-approved State Plans and OSHA

consultation projects, please visit

www.‌osha. gov

or call 1-800-321-OSHA (6742).

Contact OSHA

Contact your local OSHA office, visit

www.osha. gov

or call OSHA (1-800-321-OSHA (6742), TTY 1-877-

899-5627) to:

•

Ask questions

•

Get information or advice

•

Report an emergency, fatality, inpatient

hospitalization, amputation, or loss of an eye

•

File a confidential complaint

For a list of different ways to contact OSHA, see

www. osha. gov/contactus

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook — page 98

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication Number 2021-120 (revised 01/2024) | OSHA Publication Number 2209-01R 2024

OSHA Small Business Safety and Health Handbook

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