Financial
Reporting
—
Hard
Skills
1.
HARD
SK IL L S
—
Q UICK
L IST
Core
financial
reporting
competencies
,
listed
by
skill
name
.
2
Accounting
Standards
&
Frameworks
US
GAAP
IFRS
ASC
606 —
Revenue
Recognition
ASC
842 —
Lease
Accounting
ASC
326 —
CECL
ASC
718 —
Stock
-
Based
Compensation
ASC
805 —
Business
Combinations
ASC
740 —
Income
Taxes
ASC
350 / 360 —
Impairment
Testing
ASC
830 —
Foreign
Currency
Financial
Statement
Preparation
Consolidations
Intercompany
Eliminations
Month
-
End
Close
Year
-
End
Close
Journal
Entries
&
Accruals
Account
Reconciliations
Revenue
Recognition
Schedules
Deferred
Revenue
Waterfalls
Fixed
Asset
&
Depreciation
Accounting
Inventory
&
COGS
Accounting
Cash
Flow
Statement
Preparation
Statement
of
Changes
in
Equity
SEC
Reporting
— 10-
K
/ 10-
Q
/ 8-
K
MD
&
A
Drafting
Footnote
&
Disclosure
Preparation
XBRL
Tagging
&
EDGAR
Filing
Earnings
Release
Support
Non
-
GAAP
Reconciliation
Segment
Reporting
(
ASC
280)
Statutory
Reporting
Flux
&
Variance
Analysis
Three
-
Statement
Financial
Modeling
Budgeting
&
Forecasting
13-
Week
Cash
Flow
Forecasting
Working
Capital
Analysis
Scenario
&
Sensitivity
Analysis
KPI
&
Management
Reporting
Technical
Accounting
Research
Accounting
Memo
Writing
SOX
404
Compliance
Internal
Controls
over
Financial
Reporting
Segregation
of
Duties
Reviews
Audit
Support
&
PBC
Management
Policy
&
Procedure
Documentation
Tax
Provision
Support
Transfer
Pricing
Documentation
ESG
/
Sustainability
Reporting
ERP
Systems
—
SAP
/
Oracle
/
NetSuite
EPM
Tools
—
Hyperion
/
Anaplan
/
OneStream
Close
Management
—
BlackLine
/
FloQast
Advanced
Excel
&
Power
Query
SQL
&
GL
Data
Extraction
Power
BI
/
Tableau
Reporting
Process
Automation
—
VBA
/
Alteryx
/
Python
Chart
of
Accounts
&
Master
Data
Design
US
GAAP
—
Applying
the
FASB
Accounting
Standards
Codification
to
recognition
,
measurement
,
presentation
,
and
disclosure
decisions
across
every
reporting
cycle
.
IFRS
—
IASB
standards
applied
for
statutory
reporting
in
non
-
US
jurisdictions
and
for
dual
-
reporting
entities
reconciling
to
group
GAAP
.
ASC
606 —
Revenue
Recognition
—
Five
-
step
model
:
contract
identification
,
performance
obligations
,
transaction
price
allocation
,
and
recognition
timing
;
contract
modifications
and
variable
consideration
.
ASC
842 —
Leases
—
Right
-
of
-
use
asset
and
lease
liability
measurement
,
incremental
borrowing
rate
determination
,
lease
classification
,
and
remeasurement
triggers
.
ASC
326 —
CECL
—
Current
Expected
Credit
Loss
modeling
for
trade
receivables
and
financial
assets
,
including
pooling
and
reasonable
-
and
-
supportable
forecast
periods
.
1 / 4
3
Financial
Statement
Preparation
&
Close
4
External
Reporting
&
Disclosure
ASC
718 —
Stock
-
Based
Compensation
—
Option
valuation
inputs
,
graded
vesting
attribution
,
forfeiture
rate
estimation
,
and
modification
accounting
.
ASC
805 —
Business
Combinations
—
Purchase
price
allocation
,
intangible
identification
,
goodwill
measurement
,
contingent
consideration
,
and
measurement
-
period
adjustments
.
ASC
350 / 360 —
Impairment
—
Qualitative
and
quantitative
goodwill
testing
at
the
reporting
unit
level
,
plus
long
-
lived
asset
recoverability
testing
.
ASC
830 —
Foreign
Currency
—
Functional
currency
determination
,
translation
versus
remeasurement
,
and
cumulative
translation
adjustment
reporting
in
OCI
.
ASC
740 —
Income
Taxes
—
Deferred
tax
asset
and
liability
rollforwards
,
valuation
allowance
assessment
,
and
unrecognized
tax
benefit
analysis
.
ASC
480 / 815 —
Instruments
&
Derivatives
—
Liability
versus
equity
classification
,
embedded
derivative
evaluation
,
and
hedge
accounting
documentation
.
Financial
statement
preparation
—
Balance
sheet
,
income
statement
,
cash
flow
statement
,
and
statement
of
changes
in
equity
prepared
to
a
reviewed
,
tie
-
out
standard
.
Consolidations
—
Multi
-
entity
consolidation
,
non
-
controlling
interests
,
equity
method
investments
,
and
variable
interest
entity
assessment
.
Intercompany
eliminations
—
Elimination
entries
,
intercompany
profit
in
inventory
,
transfer
pricing
alignment
,
and
out
-
of
-
balance
resolution
.
Month
-
end
close
—
Close
calendar
ownership
,
task
sequencing
,
bottleneck
removal
,
and
sustained
delivery
of
a
4–5
day
close
.
Journal
entries
&
accruals
—
Manual
JE
preparation
,
accrual
and
deferral
logic
,
recurring
versus
reversing
entries
,
and
full
supporting
documentation
.
Account
reconciliations
—
Balance
sheet
reconciliations
,
subledger
-
to
-
GL
tie
-
outs
,
aging
analysis
,
and
timely
clearing
of
unreconciled
items
.
Revenue
recognition
schedules
—
Standalone
selling
price
allocation
,
contract
asset
and
liability
rollforwards
,
and
deferred
revenue
waterfall
maintenance
.
Cut
-
off
procedures
—
Revenue
and
expense
cut
-
off
testing
at
period
-
end
,
goods
-
in
-
transit
analysis
,
and
subsequent
-
events
review
through
filing
date
.
Fixed
asset
&
depreciation
accounting
—
Capitalization
thresholds
,
useful
life
assignment
,
accelerated
and
straight
-
line
methods
,
disposals
,
and
CIP
tracking
.
Inventory
&
COGS
accounting
—
Standard
costing
,
variance
absorption
,
inventory
reserves
and
obsolescence
,
and
gross
margin
reconciliation
.
Cash
&
treasury
accounting
—
Bank
reconciliations
,
cash
positioning
,
restricted
cash
classification
,
and
cash
flow
statement
tie
-
out
to
bank
statements
.
SEC
reporting
—
Preparation
of
Forms
10-
K
, 10-
Q
, 8-
K
,
S
-1,
and
DEF
14
A
,
including
financial
statement
and
exhibit
compilation
.
MD
&
A
drafting
—
Results
of
operations
,
liquidity
and
capital
resources
,
and
critical
accounting
estimates
written
to
SEC
guidance
.
Footnote
&
disclosure
preparation
—
Disclosure
checklist
maintenance
,
note
drafting
,
and
supporting
schedules
for
every
financial
statement
footnote
.
XBRL
tagging
—
Financial
statement
tagging
,
taxonomy
selection
,
extension
element
review
,
and
EDGAR
filing
mechanics
.
2 / 4
5
Financial
Analysis
&
Planning
6
Controls
,
Audit
&
Compliance
Earnings
release
support
—
Earnings
press
releases
,
supplemental
financial
packages
,
and
CFO
/
CEO
script
reconciliation
to
reported
GAAP
results
.
Non
-
GAAP
reconciliation
—
Adjusted
EBITDA
,
free
cash
flow
,
and
constant
-
currency
measures
reconciled
to
GAAP
under
Regulation
G
.
Segment
reporting
(
ASC
280)
—
Operating
segment
identification
,
CODM
reporting
,
and
disaggregated
revenue
and
asset
disclosure
.
Statutory
reporting
—
Local
GAAP
filings
,
country
-
by
-
country
reporting
packages
,
and
translation
into
the
group
reporting
currency
.
Filing
calendar
management
—
Deadline
tracking
,
reviewer
sign
-
off
workflows
,
version
control
,
and
audit
committee
package
preparation
.
Three
-
statement
financial
modeling
—
Integrated
income
statement
,
balance
sheet
,
and
cash
flow
models
with
working
capital
and
debt
schedule
linkage
.
Flux
&
variance
analysis
—
Account
-
level
month
-
over
-
month
and
budget
-
to
-
actual
explanations
,
materiality
thresholds
,
and
written
commentary
.
Budgeting
&
forecasting
—
Annual
operating
plan
build
,
rolling
forecasts
,
and
driver
-
based
planning
tied
to
the
general
ledger
structure
.
Cash
flow
forecasting
—
13-
week
direct
cash
forecasts
,
collections
and
disbursement
modeling
,
and
liquidity
runway
analysis
.
Working
capital
analysis
—
DSO
,
DPO
,
and
DIO
tracking
,
net
working
capital
swings
,
and
cash
conversion
cycle
improvement
.
Scenario
&
sensitivity
analysis
—
Base
,
upside
,
and
downside
cases
with
covenant
headroom
testing
and
break
-
even
modeling
.
KPI
&
management
reporting
—
ARR
,
gross
margin
,
retention
,
and
unit
economics
packages
built
for
board
and
executive
consumption
.
Cost
allocation
analysis
—
Departmental
,
product
,
and
customer
-
level
profitability
analysis
with
defensible
allocation
drivers
.
M
&
A
and
diligence
support
—
Quality
of
earnings
analysis
,
purchase
accounting
support
,
and
pro
forma
financial
statement
preparation
.
SOX
404
compliance
—
Control
design
and
operating
effectiveness
testing
,
deficiency
evaluation
,
and
management
assessment
documentation
.
Internal
controls
over
financial
reporting
—
Walkthroughs
,
key
control
identification
,
control
matrices
,
and
remediation
plan
execution
.
Audit
support
&
PBC
management
—
Prepared
-
by
-
client
list
ownership
,
auditor
inquiry
response
,
sampling
support
,
and
evidence
package
delivery
.
Technical
accounting
research
—
Authoritative
literature
review
,
peer
benchmarking
,
and
alignment
with
external
auditors
on
positions
taken
.
Accounting
memo
writing
—
Structured
technical
memos
documenting
the
issue
,
relevant
guidance
,
alternatives
considered
,
and
conclusion
.
Policy
&
procedure
documentation
—
Accounting
policies
,
close
procedures
,
delegation
of
authority
matrices
,
and
desktop
process
guides
.
3 / 4
7
Regulatory
,
Tax
&
Specialized
Reporting
8
Systems
,
Data
&
Automation
Segregation
of
duties
reviews
—
Access
reviews
,
user
provisioning
,
privileged
access
monitoring
,
and
mitigating
control
design
.
Reconciliation
governance
—
Certification
workflows
,
escalation
rules
,
aging
of
open
reconciling
items
,
and
preparer
/
reviewer
sign
-
off
.
Tax
provision
support
—
Quarterly
ASC
740
calculations
,
effective
tax
rate
reconciliation
,
and
return
-
to
-
provision
true
-
ups
.
Sales
&
use
tax
/
VAT
—
Multi
-
jurisdiction
filing
support
,
taxability
determination
,
and
reconciliation
of
returns
to
the
general
ledger
.
Transfer
pricing
documentation
—
Intercompany
policy
maintenance
,
local
file
preparation
,
and
intercompany
agreement
alignment
.
ESG
&
sustainability
reporting
—
CSRD
and
ISSB
-
aligned
disclosure
data
collection
,
emissions
boundary
definition
,
and
reporting
controls
.
Industry
regulator
filings
—
Sector
-
specific
reporting
such
as
Call
Reports
,
NAIC
statements
,
FERC
filings
,
and
state
regulatory
submissions
.
Grant
&
government
reporting
—
Federal
grant
drawdowns
,
Uniform
Guidance
compliance
,
indirect
rate
reporting
,
and
single
audit
support
.
ERP
systems
—
SAP
S
/4
HANA
,
Oracle
Fusion
,
NetSuite
,
and
Workday
Financials
—
subledger
navigation
,
GL
inquiry
,
and
period
-
close
transactions
.
EPM
&
consolidation
tools
—
Oracle
Hyperion
/
FCCS
,
Anaplan
,
OneStream
,
and
SAP
BPC
for
consolidation
,
planning
,
and
management
reporting
.
Close
management
software
—
BlackLine
,
FloQast
,
and
Trintech
Cadency
for
reconciliation
automation
,
task
tracking
,
and
close
certification
.
Advanced
Excel
—
XLOOKUP
and
INDEX
/
MATCH
,
pivot
tables
,
Power
Query
,
structured
modeling
conventions
,
and
audit
-
proof
formula
design
.
SQL
&
data
extraction
—
Querying
GL
,
subledger
,
and
data
warehouse
tables
for
reconciliation
,
trend
analysis
,
and
reporting
validation
.
BI
&
visualization
—
Power
BI
,
Tableau
,
and
Looker
used
to
build
financial
dashboards
and
management
reporting
packs
.
Process
automation
—
VBA
,
Alteryx
,
RPA
,
and
Python
scripting
applied
to
recurring
close
,
reconciliation
,
and
reporting
tasks
.
Data
governance
—
Chart
of
accounts
design
,
master
data
quality
standards
,
and
system
access
controls
relevant
to
financial
reporting
.
4 / 4