Research
Methods
—
Hard
Skills
C O N T EN T S
01
Quantitative
Research
Methods
02
Qualitative
Research
Methods
03
Mixed
Methods
&
Research
Design
04
Sampling
&
Recruitment
05
Measurement
&
Instrument
Design
06
Statistical
Analysis
07
Qualitative
Data
Analysis
08
Data
Management
&
Technical
Tools
09
Experimental
&
Laboratory
Methods
10
Survey
&
Field
Data
Collection
11
Evidence
Synthesis
&
Systematic
Review
12
Research
Ethics
&
Regulatory
Compliance
13
Academic
Writing
&
Dissemination
14
Research
Project
&
Team
Management
Quantitative
Research
Methods
Designing
and
executing
studies
that
measure
variables
numerically
and
test
hypotheses
against
statistical
evidence
.
Survey
research
Cross
-
sectional
design
Longitudinal
&
cohort
studies
Panel
studies
Correlational
design
Quasi
-
experimental
design
Randomized
controlled
trials
Secondary
data
analysis
Difference
-
in
-
differences
Regression
discontinuity
Propensity
score
matching
Instrumental
variable
analysis
Qualitative
Research
Methods
Collecting
and
interpreting
non
-
numerical
data
to
understand
meaning
,
context
,
process
,
and
lived
experience
.
Semi
-
structured
interviews
In
-
depth
interviews
Focus
groups
Ethnography
Participant
observation
Case
study
method
Grounded
theory
Phenomenology
Narrative
inquiry
Life
-
history
methods
Document
&
archival
analysis
Visual
&
arts
-
based
methods
01
02
1 / 5
Mixed
Methods
&
Research
Design
Framing
research
questions
and
integrating
quantitative
and
qualitative
strands
into
a
single
coherent
study
.
Research
question
formulation
Conceptual
framework
development
Hypothesis
operationalization
Convergent
parallel
design
Explanatory
sequential
design
Exploratory
sequential
design
Embedded
design
Triangulation
Joint
displays
Pilot
&
feasibility
testing
Pre
-
registration
Protocol
writing
Sampling
&
Recruitment
Selecting
participants
and
cases
that
support
valid
inference
,
adequate
statistical
power
,
and
defensible
generalizability
.
Probability
sampling
Simple
random
sampling
Stratified
sampling
Cluster
sampling
Systematic
sampling
Multistage
sampling
Purposive
sampling
Snowball
sampling
Quota
sampling
Sample
size
calculation
Statistical
power
analysis
Weighting
&
non
-
response
adjustment
Attrition
management
Measurement
&
Instrument
Design
Building
and
validating
the
tools
that
convert
abstract
concepts
into
reliable
,
measurable
variables
.
Questionnaire
design
Likert
&
summated
scales
Item
writing
Classical
test
theory
Item
response
theory
(
IRT
)
Construct
validity
Content
validity
Criterion
validity
Reliability
testing
Cronbach
’
s
alpha
Test
–
retest
reliability
Inter
-
rater
reliability
Exploratory
factor
analysis
Confirmatory
factor
analysis
Cognitive
interviewing
Scale
translation
&
cross
-
cultural
adaptation
03
04
05
2 / 5
Statistical
Analysis
Applying
the
correct
statistical
procedures
to
describe
data
,
test
hypotheses
,
and
estimate
effect
sizes
.
Descriptive
statistics
Inferential
statistics
Hypothesis
testing
t
-
tests
ANOVA
&
ANCOVA
MANOVA
Chi
-
square
tests
Correlation
analysis
Non
-
parametric
tests
Linear
regression
Logistic
regression
Multilevel
/
hierarchical
modeling
Structural
equation
modeling
(
SEM
)
Survival
analysis
Time
-
series
analysis
Meta
-
analysis
Bayesian
statistics
Effect
size
calculation
Multiple
comparison
correction
Qualitative
Data
Analysis
Systematically
coding
,
comparing
,
and
interpreting
textual
,
visual
,
and
observational
data
.
Open
,
axial
&
selective
coding
Thematic
analysis
Framework
analysis
Content
analysis
Constant
comparative
method
Discourse
analysis
Conversation
analysis
Narrative
analysis
Codebook
development
Inter
-
coder
reliability
(
Cohen
’
s
kappa
)
Memo
writing
Member
checking
NVivo
ATLAS
.
ti
Dedoose
Data
Management
&
Technical
Tools
Handling
,
cleaning
,
analyzing
,
and
documenting
data
with
reproducible
,
audit
-
ready
workflows
.
SPSS
R
Stata
SAS
Python
(
pandas
,
statsmodels
,
scikit
-
learn
)
SQL
MATLAB
Qualtrics
REDCap
Excel
&
Google
Sheets
Tableau
Power
BI
Data
cleaning
&
validation
Missing
data
imputation
Data
visualization
Git
&
version
control
R
Markdown
/
Jupyter
reproducible
workflows
Data
dictionaries
&
codebooks
06
07
08
3 / 5
Experimental
&
Laboratory
Methods
Controlling
conditions
to
isolate
causal
effects
—
in
the
laboratory
and
in
the
field
.
Randomized
controlled
trials
Pre
–
post
designs
Between
-
and
within
-
subjects
design
Random
assignment
&
allocation
concealment
Blinding
(
single
,
double
,
triple
)
Manipulation
checks
Fidelity
monitoring
Standard
operating
procedures
(
SOPs
)
Counterbalancing
Reaction
-
time
paradigms
Eye
-
tracking
Psychophysiology
(
EDA
,
ECG
,
EEG
)
Behavioral
coding
systems
Survey
&
Field
Data
Collection
Administering
instruments
at
scale
and
keeping
field
data
accurate
,
complete
,
and
traceable
.
Online
survey
administration
CATI
&
CAPI
interviewing
Structured
observation
Interviewer
training
Field
supervision
Informed
consent
administration
Questionnaire
pre
-
testing
Response
bias
mitigation
Data
quality
control
Source
document
verification
Longitudinal
participant
tracking
Field
logistics
coordination
Evidence
Synthesis
&
Systematic
Review
Aggregating
the
existing
literature
into
transparent
,
reproducible
summaries
of
what
is
currently
known
.
Systematic
review
protocol
PRISMA
reporting
Boolean
search
strategy
construction
Database
searching
(
PubMed
,
Scopus
,
Web
of
Science
,
PsycINFO
)
Grey
literature
searching
Screening
&
eligibility
criteria
Data
extraction
forms
Risk
-
of
-
bias
assessment
GRADE
certainty
rating
Meta
-
analysis
Narrative
synthesis
Scoping
reviews
Umbrella
reviews
Reference
management
(
Zotero
,
EndNote
,
Mendeley
)
09
10
11
4 / 5
Research
Ethics
&
Regulatory
Compliance
Protecting
participants
and
keeping
studies
compliant
with
institutional
,
legal
,
and
funder
requirements
.
IRB
/
ethics
committee
submissions
Informed
consent
design
GDPR
compliance
HIPAA
compliance
Data
anonymization
&
de
-
identification
Vulnerable
population
protections
Assent
&
parental
consent
Conflict
of
interest
disclosure
Clinical
trial
registration
Data
-
sharing
agreements
Research
misconduct
policy
Audit
&
monitoring
preparation
Academic
Writing
&
Dissemination
Translating
findings
for
journals
,
funders
,
policymakers
,
practitioners
,
and
the
public
.
Manuscript
preparation
Journal
selection
&
submission
Responses
to
peer
review
Abstract
writing
Conference
presentations
Academic
poster
design
Grant
&
fellowship
writing
Budget
justification
writing
Policy
brief
writing
Plain
-
language
summaries
Evidence
-
based
recommendations
Citation
styles
(
APA
,
MLA
,
Chicago
,
Vancouver
)
Publication
ethics
&
authorship
criteria
Research
Project
&
Team
Management
Running
studies
on
time
,
on
budget
,
and
to
protocol
across
teams
,
sites
,
and
collaborators
.
Protocol
&
SOP
development
Grant
administration
Budget
tracking
&
forecasting
Timeline
&
milestone
planning
Multi
-
site
coordination
Research
assistant
supervision
IRB
correspondence
&
amendments
Stakeholder
communication
Project
management
software
(
Asana
,
Trello
,
Notion
,
MS
Project
)
Risk
&
contingency
planning
Data
-
sharing
&
collaboration
agreements
12
13
14
5 / 5
