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Math Formulas – List, Sheet & PDF Download

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Created by: Team Maths - Examples.com, Last Updated: July 19, 2024

Math Formulas – List, Sheet & PDF Download

Arithmetic-Operations-1

What are Math Formulas?

Math formulas are concise mathematical expressions that represent relationships between quantities, properties, or operations. They are used to describe and solve mathematical problems across various fields such as algebra, geometry, calculus, and statistics. Formulas often consist of variables, constants, and mathematical symbols, enabling calculations and predictions in a structured manner. These formulas serve as fundamental tools for understanding and solving mathematical problems efficiently.

List of Basic Math formulas

Essential mathematical formulas cover arithmetic operation, algebra, geometry, and more. They include equations for basic operations like addition and multiplication, as well as formulas for calculating areas, volumes, and solving equations. These formulas form the foundation of mathematical understanding and problem-solving.

Algebraic Formulas(š‘Ž+š‘)²=š‘ŽĀ²+2š‘Žš‘+š‘Ā²
Geometric Formulasš“=šœ‹š‘ŸĀ²
Trigonometric Formulassinā”Ā²šœƒ+cosā”Ā²šœƒ=1
Calculus Formulasš‘‘/š‘‘š‘„(āˆ«š‘“(š‘„)ā€‰š‘‘š‘„)=š‘“(š‘„)
Statistical Formulasš‘„Ė‰=(āˆ‘š‘–ā‚Œā‚š‘›š‘„įµ¢)/š‘›ā€‹ā€‹
Probability Formulasš‘ƒ(š“āˆŖšµ)=š‘ƒ(š“)+š‘ƒ(šµ)āˆ’š‘ƒ(š“āˆ©šµ)
Number Theory Formulasš‘ŽĀ²+š‘Ā²=š‘Ā²
Differential Equationsš‘‘š‘¦/š‘‘š‘„=š‘˜š‘¦
Matrix Formulasš“ā‹…šµā‰ šµā‹…š“
Geometry Formulasš‘‰=4/3šœ‹š‘ŸĀ³

Basic Algebra Formulas

Fundamental rules essential for solving algebraic problems efficiently and accurately. These formulas cover concepts like linear equations, quadratic equations, slopes, distances, and geometric shapes, forming the building blocks for more advanced algebraic manipulations.

  • a² ā€“ b² = (a – b)(a + b)
  • (a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²
  • a²+ b² = (a + b)² – 2ab
  • (a – b)² = a² ā€“ 2ab + b²
  • (a + b + c)² = a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
  • (a – b – c)² = a² + b² + c² ā€“ 2ab + 2bc – 2ca
  • (a + b)³ = a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³
  • (a – b)³ = a³ ā€“ 3a²b + 3ab² ā€“ b³
  • a³ ā€“ b³ = (a – b)(a² + ab + b²)
  • a³ + b³ = (a + b)(a² ā€“ ab + b²)
  • (a + b)⁓ = a⁓ + 4a³b + 6a²b² + 4ab³ + b⁓
  • (a – b)⁓ = a⁓ ā€“ 4a³b + 6a²b² ā€“ 4ab³ + b⁓
  • a⁓– b⁓ = (a – b)(a + b)(a² + b²)
  • (aᵐ)(aⁿ) = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
  • (ab)ᵐ = aᵐbᵐ
  • (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ

Geometry Formulas

Geometric formulas essential for calculating properties of shapes, areas, volumes, and angles. These formulas are crucial in geometry, helping solve problems related to triangles, circles, rectangles, and other geometric figures.

We study Geometry formulas under two headings that are,

  • 2-D Formulas
  • 3-D Formulas

2-D Formulas

Key formulas for 2D geometry, including those for calculating area, perimeter, and properties of shapes like triangles, squares, circles, and polygons

ShapeFormula
SquareArea: š“=š‘ Ā²
Perimeter: š‘ƒ=4š‘ P=4s
RectangleArea: š“=š‘™Ć—š‘¤
Perimeter: š‘ƒ=2š‘™+2w
TriangleArea: š“=1/2Ć—š‘Ć—ā„Ž
Perimeter: š‘ƒ=š‘Ž+š‘+š‘
CircleArea: š“=šœ‹š‘ŸĀ²
Circumference: š¶=2šœ‹š‘Ÿ
ParallelogramArea: š“=š‘Ć—ā„Ž
Perimeter: š‘ƒ=2(š‘Ž+š‘)
TrapezoidArea: š“=1/2(š‘ā‚+š‘ā‚‚)Ć—ā„Ž
Perimeter: š‘ƒ=š‘Ž+š‘ā‚+š‘+š‘ā‚‚

3-D Formulas

Essential formulas for 3D geometry, covering calculations for volume, surface area, and characteristics of three-dimensional shapes such as spheres, cubes, cylinders, cones, and prisms.

ShapeFormula
CubeVolume: V=s³
Surface Area: š‘†š“=6š‘ Ā²
Rectangular PrismVolume: š‘‰=š‘™Ć—š‘¤Ć—ā„Ž
Surface Area: š‘†š“=2š‘™š‘¤+2š‘™ā„Ž+2š‘¤ā„Ž
SphereVolume: š‘‰=4/3šœ‹š‘ŸĀ³
Surface Area: š‘†š“=4šœ‹š‘ŸĀ²
CylinderVolume: š‘‰=šœ‹š‘ŸĀ²ā„Ž
Lateral Surface Area: šæš‘†š“=2šœ‹š‘Ÿā„Ž
Total Surface Area: š‘‡š‘†š“=2šœ‹š‘Ÿ(š‘Ÿ+ā„Ž)
ConeVolume: š‘‰=1/3šœ‹š‘ŸĀ²ā„Ž
Lateral Surface Area: šæš‘†š“=šœ‹š‘Ÿš‘™
Total Surface Area: š‘‡š‘†š“=šœ‹š‘Ÿ(š‘Ÿ+š‘™)
PrismVolume: š‘‰=šµā„Ž
Lateral Surface Area: šæš‘†š“=š‘ƒā„Ž
Total Surface Area: š‘‡š‘†š“=š‘ƒā„Ž+2šµ
PyramidVolume: š‘‰=1/3šµā„Ž
Lateral Surface Area: šæš‘†š“=1/2š‘ƒš‘™
Total Surface Area: š‘‡š‘†š“=1/2š‘ƒš‘™+šµ

Probability Formulas

Probability can simply be defined as the possibility of the occurrence of an event. It is expressed on a linear scale from 0 to 1. There are three types of probability : theoretical probability , and subjective probability.

P(A) = n(A)/n(S)

Where,
P(A) is the Probability of an Event.
n(A) is the Number of Favourable Outcomes
n(S) is the Total Number of Events

Formula TypeFormula
Probability of an Eventš‘ƒ(šø)=Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes​
Probability of the Complement of an Eventš‘ƒ(šøā€²)=1āˆ’š‘ƒ(šø)
Conditional Probabilityš‘ƒ(š“āˆ£šµ)=š‘ƒ(š“āˆ©šµ)/š‘ƒ(šµ)
Addition Ruleš‘ƒ(š“āˆŖšµ)=š‘ƒ(š“)+š‘ƒ(šµ)āˆ’š‘ƒ(š“āˆ©šµ)
Multiplication Rule (Independent Events)š‘ƒ(š“āˆ©šµ)=š‘ƒ(š“)Ć—š‘ƒ(šµ)
Multiplication Rule (Dependent Events)š‘ƒ(š“āˆ©šµ)=š‘ƒ(š“)Ć—š‘ƒ(šµāˆ£š“)
Bayes’ Theoremš‘ƒ(š“āˆ£šµ)={š‘ƒ(šµāˆ£š“)Ć—š‘ƒ(š“)}/š‘ƒ(šµ)

Trigonometric Formulas

Basic Trigonometric Formulas of Addition

Formula TypeFormula
Sine of Sumsin⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘+cosā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Cosine of Sumcos⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=cosā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘āˆ’sinā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Tangent of Sumtan⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=(tanā”š‘Ž+tanā”š‘)/1āˆ’tanā”š‘Žtanā”š‘ā€‹
Basic Trigonometric Formulas of Subtraction
Formula TypeFormula
Sine of Differencesin⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)=sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘āˆ’cosā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘sin
Cosine of Differencecos⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)=cosā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘+sinā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Tangent of Differencetan⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)=tanā”š‘Žāˆ’tanā”š‘1+tanā”š‘Ž tanā”š‘ā€‹
Basic Trigonometric Formulas of Multiplication
Formula TypeFormula
Double Angle for Sinesin⁔2šœƒ=2sinā”šœƒcosā”šœƒsin2Īø=2sinĪøcosĪø
Double Angle for Cosinecos⁔2šœƒ=cos⁔2šœƒāˆ’sin⁔2šœƒcos2Īø=cos2Īøāˆ’sin2Īø
Double Angle for Tangenttan⁔2šœƒ=2tanā”šœƒ1āˆ’tan⁔2šœƒtan2Īø=1āˆ’tan2Īø2tanθ​

Trigonometric Formulas for Division

Formula TypeFormula
Sine Divisionsinā”š‘Ž/sinā”š‘ā€‹
Cosine Divisioncosā”š‘Ž/cosā”š‘ā€‹
Tangent Divisiontanā”š‘Ž/tanā”š‘=(sinā”š‘Ž/cosā”š‘Ž)/(sinā”š‘/cosā”š‘)=(sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘) / (cosā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘) ​
Cosecant Divisioncscā”š‘Ž/cscā”š‘=sinā”š‘/sinā”š‘Žā€‹
Secant Divisionsecā”š‘Ž/secā”š‘=cosā”š‘/cosā”š‘Žā€‹
Cotangent Divisioncotā”š‘Ž/cotā”š‘=(sinā”š‘ cosā”š‘Ž) / (sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘ ​)

Other Trigonometric Formulas

Formula TypeFormula
Sine (sin)sinā”šœƒ=opposite / hypotenuse
Cosine (cos)cosā”šœƒ=adjacent / hypotenuset​
Tangent (tan)tanā”šœƒ=opposite / adjacent
Cosecant (csc)cscā”šœƒ=1/sinā”šœƒ
Secant (sec)secā”šœƒ=1/cosā”šœƒ
Cotangent (cot)cotā”šœƒ=1/tanā”šœƒ
Pythagorean Identitysinā”Ā²šœƒ+Ā²šœƒ=1
Sine of Sumsin⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘+cosā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Cosine of Sumcos⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=cosā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘āˆ’sinā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Tangent of Sumtan⁔(š‘Ž+š‘)=(tanā”š‘Ž+tanā”š‘)/ (1āˆ’tanā”š‘Ž tanā”š‘)
Sine of Differencesin⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)=sinā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘āˆ’cosā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Cosine of Differencecos⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)=cosā”š‘Ž cosā”š‘+sinā”š‘Ž sinā”š‘
Tangent of Differencetan⁔(š‘Žāˆ’š‘)= (tanā”š‘Žāˆ’tanā”š‘) / (1+tanā”š‘Ž tanā”š‘)​
Double Angle for Sinesin⁔2šœƒ=2sinā”šœƒ cosā”šœƒ
Double Angle for Cosinecos⁔2šœƒ=cosā”Ā²šœƒāˆ’sinā”Ā²šœƒc
Double Angle for Tangenttan⁔2šœƒ=2tanā”šœƒ1āˆ’tan⁔2šœƒt​
Half-Angle for Sinesinā”šœƒ/2=±√ 1āˆ’cosā”šœƒ/2​​
Half-Angle for Cosinecosā”šœƒ/2=±√ 1+cosā”šœƒ/2​​
Half-Angle for Tangenttanā”šœƒ/2=±√ 1āˆ’cosā”šœƒ / 1+cosā”šœƒā€‹ā€‹

Fraction Formula

A fraction represents a numerical value expressed as the quotient of two integers. The top number, called the numerator, indicates how many parts of the whole are being considered, while the bottom number, the denominator, denotes the total number of equal parts that make up the whole.

  • (a + b/c) = [(a Ɨ c) + b]/c
  • (a/b + d/b) = (a + d)/b
  • (a/b + c/d) = (a Ɨ d + b Ɨ c)/(b Ɨ d)
  • a/b Ɨ c/d = ac/bd
  • (a/b)/(c/d) = a/b Ɨ d/c

Percentage Formula

A percentage represents a ratio or a numerical value expressed as a part of 100. It is commonly denoted by the ā€œ%ā€ symbol.

Percentage = (Given Value/Total Value) Ɨ 100

Tips for using Math Formulas

Using math formulas efficiently requires understanding and practice. Here are some tips to help you make the most of them:

  1. Understanding: Ensure you understand the concepts behind the formula. Knowing how and why a formula works will help you apply it correctly and recognize when it’s applicable.
  2. Practice: Practice applying the formula to different problems. This builds familiarity and confidence, making it easier to recall and use the formula when needed.
  3. Memorization: Some formulas are fundamental and are worth committing to memory. Flashcards or repetitive practice can help with this.
  4. Visualization: Visualize what the formula represents geometrically or conceptually. This can aid in understanding and recalling the formula.
  5. Analogies: Relate new formulas to ones you already know. Drawing parallels can help you grasp new concepts faster.
  6. Context: Understand the context in which the formula is used. This helps you identify when to apply it and when alternative approaches might be more appropriate.
  7. Application: Look for opportunities to apply the formula in real-world scenarios or in solving problems. Practical application reinforces learning and understanding.
  8. Derivation: If possible, try to understand how the formula is derived. This deepens your understanding and can help you generalize the formula to different situations.
  9. Simplify: Break down complex formulas into smaller parts or terms. Understanding each component separately can make the overall formula more manageable.
  10. Review: Regularly review formulas to keep them fresh in your memory. This prevents forgetting and ensures you can recall them when needed.
  11. Resources: Use textbooks, online resources, or educational videos to supplement your learning. Different explanations or perspectives can sometimes clarify concepts.
  12. Seek Help: Don’t hesitate to seek help if you’re struggling with a particular formula. Teachers, tutors, or online communities can provide guidance and support.

Best Formula to Learn Math

The best formula to learn math is one that’s fundamental and widely applicable, such as the Pythagorean theorem, which relates to geometry and has real-world applications in areas like engineering and architecture.

Math Formula for Kids

A simple and intuitive formula for kids is the area formula for squares and rectangles (Area = length Ɨ width). It’s easy to understand and apply, making it a foundational concept in early math education.

Most Famous Formula in Math

The most famous formula in math is arguably Euler’s identity: š‘’š‘–šœ‹+1=0. It elegantly combines five fundamental mathematical constants (e, Ļ€, i, 1, and 0) in a single equation, demonstrating the beauty and interconnectedness of mathematics.

Most Used Formula in Math

One of the most used formulas in math is the quadratic formula: š‘„=āˆ’š‘Ā±š‘Ā²āˆ’4š‘Žš‘Ā²š‘Ž . It’s vital for solving quadratic equations and has applications in various fields, including physics, engineering, and economics.

Golden Rule of Algebra

The golden rule of algebra is to maintain equality by performing the same operation on both sides of an equation. This ensures that the equation remains balanced and valid, allowing for accurate mathematical manipulation and problem-solving.

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Practice Test

What is the formula for the area of a rectangle?

A = l + w

A = l Ɨ w

A=lw

A = 2(l + w)

of 10

What is the formula for the circumference of a circle?

C=Ļ€r2

C=2Ļ€r

C=Ļ€d

C=2r

of 10

What is the quadratic formula?

x=āˆ’b±√b2āˆ’4ac2a

x=āˆ’b±√b2+4ac2a

x=b±√b2āˆ’4ac2a

x=b±√b2+4ac2a

of 10

What is the formula for the volume of a cylinder?

V = Ļ€r²h

V = πrh

V = 2Ļ€r²h

V = 2Ļ€rh

of 10

What is the formula for the slope of a line?

m=y2+y1x2āˆ’x1

m=y2āˆ’y1x2āˆ’x1

m=y2āˆ’y1x2+x1

m=y2+y1x2+x1

of 10

What is the formula for the area of a triangle?

A=12b+h

A=bƗh

A=12bƗh

A=12(b+h)

of 10

What is the formula for the Pythagorean theorem?

a² + b² = c

a² āˆ’ b² = c²

a + b = c²

of 10

What is the formula for the area of a circle?

A = 2Ļ€r

A = πr

A = 2Ļ€r²

of 10

What is the formula for the distance between two points (x₁,y₁) and (xā‚‚,yā‚‚)?

d=√(x2āˆ’x1)2+(y2āˆ’y1)2

d=√(x2+x1)2+(y2+y1)2

d=(x2āˆ’x1)2+(y2āˆ’y1)2

d=(x2+x1)2+(y2+y1)2

of 10

What is the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle?

P = 2(l+w)

P = l Ɨ w

P = l + w

P = 2l Ɨ 2w

of 10

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