Electrical
Engineering
—
Technical
Skills
C O R E
P R O F IC IE N C IE S
—
HIG HE S T
F R E Q UE N C Y
AC R O S S
R O LE S
Circuit
Simulation
(
SPICE
)
PCB
Layout
&
Stackup
Verilog
/
SystemVerilog
ARM
Cortex
-
M
Firmware
MATLAB
/
Simulink
PID
&
Feedback
Control
Power
Electronics
C
/
C
++
for
Embedded
Oscilloscope
&
Spectrum
Analysis
EMC
Pre
-
Compliance
Python
for
Instrumentation
Schematic
Capture
Skill
list
by
discipline
Items
01 – 12
01
Circuit
Design
&
Analysis
11
skills
02
Analog
&
Mixed
-
Signal
Design
10
skills
DC
/
AC
circuit
analysis
—
nodal
,
mesh
,
superposition
,
Thévenin
&
Norton
equivalents
Transient
and
steady
-
state
response
of
RLC
networks
Frequency
-
domain
analysis
and
Bode
plot
construction
Transfer
function
derivation
,
pole
–
zero
analysis
,
and
stability
margins
Impedance
matching
network
synthesis
Passive
filter
design
—
Butterworth
,
Chebyshev
,
Bessel
,
elliptic
Active
filter
topologies
—
Sallen
-
Key
,
multiple
-
feedback
,
state
-
variable
Oscillator
design
—
Pierce
,
Colpitts
,
phase
-
shift
,
Wien
bridge
Worst
-
case
circuit
analysis
and
Monte
Carlo
tolerance
studies
Noise
analysis
—
thermal
,
shot
,
flicker
—
and
SNR
budgeting
Circuit
simulation
in
LTspice
,
PSpice
,
ngspice
,
and
Multisim
Operational
amplifier
topologies
—
inverting
,
non
-
inverting
,
differential
,
summing
Instrumentation
amplifier
and
bridge
transducer
conditioning
ADC
/
DAC
selection
and
interfacing
—
SAR
,
delta
-
sigma
,
pipeline
,
R
-2
R
Sample
-
and
-
hold
circuits
and
anti
-
aliasing
filter
design
Voltage
reference
,
current
source
,
and
bias
network
design
Low
-
noise
,
low
-
offset
,
and
low
-
drift
design
techniques
PLL
design
,
clock
generation
,
and
jitter
analysis
Linear
regulator
and
switching
converter
design
—
buck
,
boost
,
buck
-
boost
Feedback
compensation
and
closed
-
loop
stability
analysis
Sensor
signal
conditioning
—
thermocouple
,
RTD
,
strain
gauge
,
Hall
effect
1 / 5
03
Power
Systems
&
Energy
12
skills
04
Digital
Design
&
HDL
11
skills
05
Embedded
Systems
&
Firmware
11
skills
Load
flow
,
short
-
circuit
,
and
arc
-
flash
analysis
Symmetrical
components
and
fault
current
calculation
Protective
relay
setting
and
coordination
studies
Transformer
sizing
,
vector
groups
,
and
tap
changer
configuration
Switchgear
,
breaker
selection
,
and
medium
-
voltage
distribution
design
Grounding
and
earthing
system
design
Power
factor
correction
and
harmonic
mitigation
Transmission
and
distribution
line
design
fundamentals
Motor
control
centers
,
soft
starters
,
and
VFD
applications
Renewable
integration
—
solar
PV
,
wind
,
and
battery
energy
storage
Microgrid
and
distributed
generation
architecture
Analysis
in
ETAP
,
SKM
PowerTools
,
PSS
/
E
,
and
DIgSILENT
PowerFactory
Boolean
minimization
and
combinational
logic
synthesis
Sequential
logic
,
finite
state
machines
,
and
state
encoding
strategies
Synchronous
design
practice
and
clock
domain
crossing
Static
timing
analysis
—
setup
,
hold
,
slack
,
and
constraint
writing
Verilog
,
SystemVerilog
,
and
VHDL
RTL
development
Testbench
authoring
and
constrained
-
random
stimulus
generation
FPGA
development
in
Xilinx
Vivado
and
Intel
Quartus
ASIC
design
flow
,
synthesis
constraints
,
and
P
&
R
handoff
Low
-
power
techniques
—
clock
gating
,
power
gating
,
multi
-
Vt
On
-
chip
interconnect
protocols
—
AXI
,
AHB
,
APB
,
Wishbone
Formal
verification
and
UVM
-
based
verification
methodology
Embedded
C
and
C
++
for
resource
-
constrained
targets
Bare
-
metal
development
and
RTOS
integration
—
FreeRTOS
,
Zephyr
Microcontroller
architectures
—
ARM
Cortex
-
M
,
AVR
,
PIC
,
ESP
32,
RISC
-
V
Peripheral
driver
development
—
GPIO
,
UART
,
SPI
,
I
²
C
,
CAN
,
USB
Interrupt
architecture
,
priority
handling
,
and
DMA
transfers
Bootloader
design
and
firmware
over
-
the
-
air
update
pipelines
Low
-
power
modes
and
battery
-
life
optimization
Hardware
debugging
with
JTAG
,
SWD
,
logic
analyzers
,
and
protocol
decoders
Embedded
Linux
,
device
trees
,
and
board
bring
-
up
Hardware
-
in
-
the
-
loop
and
unit
testing
on
target
hardware
Version
control
and
CI
workflows
for
firmware
—
Git
,
Jenkins
,
GitHub
Actions
2 / 5
06
Control
Systems
&
Industrial
Automation
10
skills
07
RF
,
Microwave
&
Antenna
Engineering
10
skills
08
Signals
,
Communications
&
DSP
9
skills
Classical
control
—
PID
tuning
,
lead
-
lag
compensation
,
feed
-
forward
State
-
space
modeling
,
pole
placement
,
and
observer
design
Root
locus
,
Nyquist
analysis
,
and
gain
/
phase
margin
assessment
Model
predictive
control
and
constrained
optimization
Digital
control
implementation
and
Z
-
domain
discretization
PLC
programming
—
ladder
logic
,
structured
text
,
function
block
diagram
SCADA
and
HMI
development
and
tag
database
configuration
Industrial
networks
—
Modbus
,
Profibus
,
EtherNet
/
IP
,
OPC
UA
Servo
and
stepper
motion
control
,
encoder
feedback
,
and
tuning
Modeling
and
validation
in
MATLAB
/
Simulink
and
LabVIEW
Transmission
line
theory
and
Smith
chart
impedance
work
S
-
parameter
measurement
and
vector
network
analysis
Matching
networks
—
L
,
Pi
,
T
,
stub
,
and
quarter
-
wave
transformers
Antenna
design
—
dipole
,
monopole
,
patch
,
Yagi
-
Uda
,
helical
RF
filter
design
—
microstrip
,
cavity
,
SAW
,
and
lumped
-
element
Amplifier
design
—
LNA
,
driver
,
and
power
amplifiers
(
class
A
,
AB
,
E
)
Mixers
,
VCOs
,
and
frequency
synthesizer
architecture
Link
budget
calculation
and
propagation
modeling
RF
shielding
,
grounding
,
and
EMC
-
aware
layout
Simulation
in
Keysight
ADS
,
CST
Studio
Suite
,
ANSYS
HFSS
,
and
FEKO
Fourier
,
Laplace
,
and
Z
-
transform
analysis
FIR
and
IIR
digital
filter
design
and
implementation
FFT
,
windowing
,
and
spectral
analysis
techniques
Modulation
and
demodulation
—
AM
,
FM
,
PSK
,
QAM
,
OFDM
Error
correction
coding
—
convolutional
,
Reed
-
Solomon
,
LDPC
Wireless
protocol
stacks
—
Wi
-
Fi
,
Bluetooth
/
BLE
,
Zigbee
,
LoRa
, 5
G
NR
Adaptive
filtering
,
Kalman
filtering
,
and
state
estimation
Sampling
,
quantization
,
dithering
,
and
data
converter
theory
Audio
and
image
processing
fundamentals
for
embedded
targets
3 / 5
09
PCB
Design
,
Packaging
&
Manufacturing
10
skills
10
EMC
,
Safety
&
Compliance
8
skills
11
Test
,
Measurement
&
Validation
8
skills
12
Semiconductor
&
VLSI
6
skills
Schematic
capture
,
netlist
management
,
and
design
annotation
Multilayer
stackup
design
and
controlled
-
impedance
routing
High
-
speed
routing
—
differential
pairs
,
length
matching
,
via
stubs
Power
integrity
,
plane
design
,
and
decoupling
network
placement
Thermal
via
arrays
,
copper
pours
,
and
heat
-
sinking
strategy
DFM
,
DFA
,
and
design
rule
constraint
configuration
Gerber
,
ODB
++,
and
fabrication
drawing
generation
Bill
of
materials
,
assembly
drawings
,
and
pick
-
and
-
place
output
Tools
—
Altium
Designer
,
KiCad
,
Cadence
Allegro
,
OrCAD
,
Autodesk
Eagle
Prototype
bring
-
up
,
rework
,
and
board
-
level
troubleshooting
EMI
/
EMC
pre
-
compliance
testing
and
in
-
house
diagnostic
setup
Radiated
and
conducted
emissions
limits
—
FCC
Part
15,
CISPR
22/32
Immunity
testing
—
ESD
,
surge
,
EFT
,
and
IEC
61000-
4
series
Isolation
,
creepage
,
clearance
,
and
high
-
voltage
spacing
design
Standards
familiarity
—
UL
,
CE
marking
,
IEC
60364,
NFPA
70 (
NEC
)
Ingress
protection
ratings
and
environmental
enclosure
design
Functional
safety
awareness
—
IEC
61508,
ISO
26262,
DO
-178
C
RoHS
/
REACH
documentation
and
material
compliance
reporting
Oscilloscope
operation
—
probing
technique
,
bandwidth
,
rise
-
time
measurement
DMM
,
function
generator
,
spectrum
analyzer
,
and
network
analyzer
use
Automated
test
equipment
control
and
test
script
development
Design
of
experiments
(
DOE
)
and
statistical
data
analysis
Reliability
testing
—
HALT
/
HASS
,
burn
-
in
,
thermal
cycling
Failure
analysis
—
FMEA
,
root
cause
analysis
, 8
D
problem
solving
Calibration
procedures
and
measurement
uncertainty
budgeting
Test
documentation
,
traceability
matrices
,
and
validation
reports
Device
physics
—
BJT
,
MOSFET
,
IGBT
,
and
wide
-
bandgap
SiC
/
GaN
devices
IC
floorplanning
,
placement
,
and
routing
fundamentals
Standard
cell
and
custom
analog
layout
practice
Process
node
characteristics
and
design
rule
interpretation
Device
characterization
and
parametric
test
methods
Packaging
technologies
—
wire
bond
,
flip
chip
,
QFN
,
BGA
4 / 5
S UP P O R T IN G
T O O LC HAIN
LTspice
Altium
Designer
KiCad
Cadence
Virtuoso
Xilinx
Vivado
Intel
Quartus
MATLAB
/
Simulink
LabVIEW
ETAP
ANSYS
HFSS
Keysight
ADS
STM
32
CubeIDE
Python
Git
5 / 5