Machine
Learning
—
Technical
Skills
DO MAINS
AT
A
G LANCE
01
Programming
&
Software
Engineering
02
Mathematics
&
Statistics
03
Data
Engineering
&
Preprocessing
04
Classical
Machine
Learning
05
Deep
Learning
06
NLP
&
Large
Language
Models
07
Computer
Vision
08
Speech
,
Audio
&
Multimodal
09
Reinforcement
Learning
10
MLOps
,
Deployment
&
Infrastructure
11
Evaluation
,
Explainability
&
Responsible
AI
12
Visualization
,
Communication
&
Research
01
Programming
&
Software
Engineering
16
skills
Python
R
SQL
C
++
Julia
Bash
/
shell
scripting
Git
&
GitHub
Unit
testing
(
pytest
)
Object
-
oriented
design
Data
structures
&
algorithms
REST
API
design
FastAPI
Flask
Docker
fundamentals
Code
review
&
refactoring
CI
/
CD
pipelines
02
Mathematics
&
Statistics
15
skills
Linear
algebra
Matrix
decompositions
(
SVD
,
QR
,
Cholesky
)
Multivariable
calculus
Gradient
&
Jacobian
computation
Probability
theory
Bayes
'
theorem
Bayesian
inference
Hypothesis
testing
Confidence
intervals
A
/
B
testing
Convex
optimization
Gradient
descent
variants
Information
theory
(
entropy
,
KL
divergence
)
Time
-
series
analysis
Sampling
methods
(
MCMC
,
bootstrap
)
03
Data
Engineering
&
Preprocessing
18
skills
NumPy
pandas
Polars
PyArrow
&
Parquet
Apache
Spark
PySpark
dbt
Apache
Airflow
Apache
Kafka
ETL
/
ELT
pipeline
design
Feature
engineering
Missing
-
value
imputation
Outlier
detection
&
treatment
Data
cleaning
&
validation
Data
versioning
(
DVC
)
Snowflake
/
BigQuery
/
Redshift
Web
scraping
(
BeautifulSoup
,
Scrapy
)
Labeling
&
annotation
workflow
design
1 / 4
04
Classical
Machine
Learning
18
skills
scikit
-
learn
Linear
&
logistic
regression
Decision
trees
Random
forests
Gradient
boosting
(
XGBoost
,
LightGBM
,
CatBoost
)
Support
vector
machines
k
-
nearest
neighbors
Naive
Bayes
k
-
means
clustering
DBSCAN
&
hierarchical
clustering
PCA
t
-
SNE
&
UMAP
Ensemble
&
stacking
methods
Feature
selection
Hyperparameter
tuning
(
Optuna
,
grid
search
)
Anomaly
detection
Recommender
systems
Survival
analysis
05
Deep
Learning
22
skills
FRAMEWO RKS
PyTorch
TensorFlow
/
Keras
JAX
PyTorch
Lightning
Hugging
Face
Transformers
ARCHIT ECT URES
Feedforward
/
MLP
networks
Convolutional
neural
networks
Recurrent
networks
(
RNN
)
LSTMs
&
GRUs
Transformers
Attention
mechanisms
Autoencoders
Generative
adversarial
networks
Diffusion
models
Graph
neural
networks
T RAINING
T ECHNIQ UES
Transfer
learning
Fine
-
tuning
&
LoRA
Batch
&
layer
normalization
Dropout
&
weight
decay
Learning
-
rate
schedules
Mixed
-
precision
training
Distributed
training
(
DDP
,
FSDP
)
06
NLP
&
Large
Language
Models
18
skills
Text
preprocessing
&
normalization
Tokenization
(
BPE
,
WordPiece
,
SentencePiece
)
Word
embeddings
(
Word
2
Vec
,
GloVe
,
FastText
)
spaCy
NLTK
Text
classification
Named
entity
recognition
Sequence
labeling
&
tagging
Machine
translation
Question
answering
Sentence
embeddings
&
semantic
search
Vector
databases
(
FAISS
,
Pinecone
,
Weaviate
,
pgvector
)
Retrieval
-
augmented
generation
(
RAG
)
Prompt
engineering
Instruction
tuning
&
RLHF
Parameter
-
efficient
fine
-
tuning
(
LoRA
,
QLoRA
)
LangChain
/
LlamaIndex
Generative
model
evaluation
2 / 4
07
Computer
Vision
13
skills
OpenCV
Pillow
Image
classification
Object
detection
(
YOLO
,
Faster
R
-
CNN
,
DETR
)
Semantic
segmentation
(
U
-
Net
)
Instance
segmentation
(
Mask
R
-
CNN
,
SAM
)
Pose
estimation
Optical
character
recognition
Video
&
temporal
analysis
Data
augmentation
(
Albumentations
)
3
D
vision
&
point
clouds
Image
generation
(
Stable
Diffusion
)
Optimized
inference
(
ONNX
,
TensorRT
)
08
Speech
,
Audio
&
Multimodal
10
skills
Automatic
speech
recognition
(
Whisper
)
Text
-
to
-
speech
synthesis
Spectrograms
&
MFCC
features
librosa
Audio
classification
&
tagging
Voice
activity
detection
Speaker
diarization
Vision
-
language
models
(
CLIP
)
Multimodal
fusion
Image
captioning
&
visual
QA
09
Reinforcement
Learning
13
skills
Markov
decision
processes
Dynamic
programming
Q
-
learning
&
SARSA
Deep
Q
-
networks
Policy
gradient
methods
Proximal
policy
optimization
(
PPO
)
A
2
C
/
A
3
C
DDPG
&
SAC
Multi
-
agent
reinforcement
learning
Contextual
bandits
Gymnasium
Stable
-
Baselines
3
Sim
-
to
-
real
transfer
10
MLOps
,
Deployment
&
Infrastructure
18
skills
MLflow
Weights
&
Biases
Kubeflow
Docker
&
containerization
Kubernetes
TorchServe
NVIDIA
Triton
BentoML
TensorFlow
Serving
Inference
APIs
(
FastAPI
)
AWS
SageMaker
GCP
Vertex
AI
Azure
Machine
Learning
Feature
stores
(
Feast
)
Model
registry
&
versioning
Monitoring
&
drift
detection
(
Evidently
)
CI
/
CD
for
ML
Edge
deployment
(
TFLite
)
3 / 4
11
Evaluation
,
Explainability
&
Responsible
AI
20
skills
Cross
-
validation
Confusion
matrix
Precision
/
recall
/
F
1
ROC
-
AUC
PR
-
AUC
RMSE
MAE
MAPE
R
²
Model
calibration
SHAP
LIME
Attention
&
saliency
maps
Partial
dependence
plots
Bias
&
fairness
metrics
Model
cards
&
documentation
Differential
privacy
Federated
learning
Red
-
teaming
&
robustness
testing
Error
analysis
12
Visualization
,
Communication
&
Research
13
skills
Matplotlib
Seaborn
Plotly
Tableau
Power
BI
Jupyter
notebooks
LaTeX
Literature
review
Paper
reproduction
Hypothesis
-
driven
experimentation
Technical
writing
Data
storytelling
Stakeholder
presentations
4 / 4
