Information
Technology
—
Technical
Skills
CORE
SKILL
CLUST ERS
Software
Engineering
Cloud
Architecture
DevOps
&
CI
/
CD
Containers
&
Kubernetes
Data
Engineering
&
Analytics
AI
&
Machine
Learning
Cybersecurity
&
Compliance
Networking
&
Infrastructure
Enterprise
Systems
&
ITSM
SKILLS
BY
CAT EGORY
01 – 16
01
Programming
Languages
26
skills
Python
JavaScript
TypeScript
Java
C
#
C
/
C
++
Go
(
Golang
)
Rust
Ruby
PHP
Swift
Kotlin
Scala
R
MATLAB
Perl
Lua
Dart
Elixir
Objective
-
C
Bash
/
Shell
scripting
PowerShell
SQL
(
ANSI
,
T
-
SQL
,
PL
/
SQL
)
VBA
COBOL
(
legacy
modernization
)
Fortran
(
scientific
computing
)
1 / 9
02
Frontend
&
Web
Development
30
skills
03
Backend
&
API
Development
26
skills
HTML
5
CSS
3
Sass
/
SCSS
/
Less
Tailwind
CSS
Bootstrap
Material
UI
React
Next
.
js
Vue
.
js
Nuxt
Angular
Svelte
/
SvelteKit
jQuery
Redux
/
Zustand
/
Pinia
React
Query
/
TanStack
Webpack
Vite
Babel
REST
API
consumption
GraphQL
clients
(
Apollo
,
urql
)
WebSockets
/
Server
-
Sent
Events
Progressive
Web
Apps
Responsive
&
mobile
-
first
design
Web
accessibility
(
WCAG
2.2)
Technical
SEO
fundamentals
Core
Web
Vitals
optimization
Storybook
component
libraries
Design
systems
&
tokens
Three
.
js
/
WebGL
Browser
DevTools
profiling
Node
.
js
Express
.
js
NestJS
Django
Flask
FastAPI
Spring
Boot
ASP
.
NET
Core
Ruby
on
Rails
Laravel
Symfony
REST
API
design
GraphQL
schema
design
gRPC
/
Protocol
Buffers
SOAP
web
services
Microservices
architecture
Event
-
driven
architecture
Serverless
function
design
Message
brokers
(
Kafka
,
RabbitMQ
,
SQS
)
Redis
caching
strategies
Background
job
processing
(
Celery
,
Sidekiq
,
BullMQ
)
Authentication
&
authorization
(
OAuth
2.0,
OIDC
,
JWT
,
SAML
)
API
gateway
design
(
Kong
,
Apigee
)
Rate
limiting
&
throttling
Idempotency
&
retry
patterns
Domain
-
driven
design
2 / 9
04
Databases
&
Data
Storage
28
skills
05
Cloud
Platforms
&
Services
30
skills
PostgreSQL
MySQL
/
MariaDB
Microsoft
SQL
Server
Oracle
Database
SQLite
MongoDB
Apache
Cassandra
Amazon
DynamoDB
Couchbase
Neo
4
j
(
graph
databases
)
Redis
Memcached
Elasticsearch
/
OpenSearch
Snowflake
Google
BigQuery
Amazon
Redshift
Databricks
Lakehouse
Relational
data
modeling
Dimensional
modeling
(
star
/
snowflake
schema
)
Indexing
&
query
optimization
Stored
procedures
&
triggers
Replication
,
sharding
&
partitioning
Backup
,
restore
&
disaster
recovery
ETL
/
ELT
pipeline
development
Database
performance
tuning
Data
migration
&
conversion
Database
security
&
row
-
level
access
Transaction
isolation
&
concurrency
control
AWS
EC
2 &
Auto
Scaling
AWS
S
3 &
storage
classes
AWS
Lambda
AWS
RDS
&
Aurora
AWS
VPC
networking
AWS
IAM
&
policy
design
AWS
CloudFront
&
Route
53
AWS
EKS
/
ECS
AWS
CloudFormation
Microsoft
Azure
Virtual
Machines
Azure
Blob
Storage
Azure
Functions
Azure
Kubernetes
Service
(
AKS
)
Microsoft
Entra
ID
Azure
Bicep
/
ARM
templates
Google
Compute
Engine
Google
Cloud
Storage
Google
Cloud
Run
Google
Kubernetes
Engine
(
GKE
)
Oracle
Cloud
Infrastructure
(
OCI
)
IBM
Cloud
Alibaba
Cloud
DigitalOcean
Terraform
Pulumi
Cloud
migration
strategy
FinOps
&
cloud
cost
optimization
Multi
-
cloud
&
hybrid
architecture
Well
-
Architected
Framework
reviews
CDN
configuration
(
Cloudflare
,
Akamai
)
3 / 9
06
DevOps
,
SRE
&
Automation
30
skills
07
Cybersecurity
&
Compliance
30
skills
Docker
Docker
Compose
Kubernetes
Helm
OpenShift
Jenkins
GitHub
Actions
GitLab
CI
/
CD
CircleCI
ArgoCD
(
GitOps
)
Terraform
Ansible
Chef
Puppet
SaltStack
Infrastructure
as
Code
Git
/
GitHub
/
GitLab
/
Bitbucket
Trunk
-
based
development
Blue
-
green
deployments
Canary
&
rolling
releases
Feature
flags
(
LaunchDarkly
,
Unleash
)
Chaos
engineering
SLO
/
SLI
/
SLA
management
Incident
response
&
on
-
call
rotations
Runbook
&
toil
automation
Artifact
repositories
(
Artifactory
,
Nexus
)
Configuration
drift
detection
Build
caching
&
pipeline
optimization
Release
orchestration
Capacity
planning
Next
-
generation
firewalls
(
Palo
Alto
,
Fortinet
,
Cisco
ASA
)
IDS
/
IPS
SIEM
(
Splunk
,
Microsoft
Sentinel
,
QRadar
)
Endpoint
detection
&
response
(
CrowdStrike
,
Defender
)
Vulnerability
management
(
Tenable
,
Qualys
)
Penetration
testing
Threat
modeling
(
STRIDE
,
MITRE
ATT
&
CK
)
OWASP
Top
10
remediation
Encryption
&
key
management
(
TLS
,
AES
,
PKI
,
KMS
)
Identity
&
access
management
(
Okta
,
Entra
ID
,
SailPoint
)
Privileged
access
management
Zero
Trust
architecture
Security
operations
center
(
SOC
)
workflows
Incident
response
&
digital
forensics
Malware
analysis
Phishing
simulation
&
security
awareness
training
SAST
/
DAST
/
SCA
tooling
(
SonarQube
,
Snyk
,
Checkmarx
)
Secrets
management
(
Vault
,
AWS
Secrets
Manager
)
Data
loss
prevention
(
DLP
)
Secure
code
review
Risk
assessment
&
treatment
Business
continuity
&
disaster
recovery
planning
ISO
/
IEC
27001
SOC
2
Type
II
NIST
Cybersecurity
Framework
GDPR
&
data
privacy
HIPAA
PCI
DSS
SOX
IT
controls
Security
policy
&
GRC
documentation
4 / 9
08
Networking
&
Infrastructure
28
skills
09
Operating
Systems
&
Systems
Administration
26
skills
TCP
/
IP
protocol
suite
DNS
&
DHCP
HTTP
/
HTTPS
/
TLS
termination
BGP
OSPF
MPLS
VLANs
&
trunking
IP
subnetting
&
CIDR
planning
Routing
&
switching
(
Cisco
,
Juniper
,
Arista
)
SD
-
WAN
Software
-
defined
networking
(
SDN
)
Wireless
networking
(
Wi
-
Fi
6/7;
Meraki
,
Aruba
)
Load
balancing
(
F
5,
NGINX
,
HAProxy
)
Reverse
proxies
&
ingress
controllers
VPN
&
IPsec
tunnels
Zero
Trust
Network
Access
(
ZTNA
)
Network
segmentation
&
microsegmentation
QoS
&
traffic
shaping
Packet
capture
&
analysis
(
Wireshark
)
Network
monitoring
(
SolarWinds
,
PRTG
,
Nagios
)
NetFlow
&
traffic
analytics
Structured
cabling
&
data
center
layout
Network
automation
(
Python
,
Ansible
,
Netmiko
)
IPv
6
deployment
DNS
management
(
Route
53,
Cloudflare
,
Infoblox
)
Colocation
&
ISP
circuit
management
Capacity
&
bandwidth
planning
Network
documentation
&
topology
mapping
Windows
Server
2016 – 2025
Active
Directory
Domain
Services
Group
Policy
management
Entra
ID
Connect
/
hybrid
identity
Linux
(
Ubuntu
,
RHEL
,
Debian
,
CentOS
)
SUSE
Linux
Enterprise
macOS
administration
Unix
(
AIX
,
Solaris
)
Windows
10 / 11
desktop
support
VMware
vSphere
/
ESXi
Microsoft
Hyper
-
V
Proxmox
VE
KVM
/
QEMU
Citrix
Virtual
Apps
&
Desktops
VDI
design
&
management
Patch
management
(
WSUS
,
SCCM
,
Intune
)
Endpoint
management
(
Intune
,
Jamf
)
File
,
print
&
DFS
services
Storage
area
networks
(
SAN
/
NAS
)
Backup
platforms
(
Veeam
,
Commvault
,
Rubrik
)
System
hardening
&
CIS
benchmarks
Kernel
&
OS
performance
tuning
Cron
/
Task
Scheduler
automation
Log
aggregation
(
rsyslog
,
journald
,
Fluent
Bit
)
High
availability
clustering
Capacity
&
resource
monitoring
5 / 9
10
Data
,
Analytics
&
Business
Intelligence
26
skills
11
Artificial
Intelligence
&
Machine
Learning
26
skills
Advanced
SQL
query
tuning
Python
for
data
(
pandas
,
NumPy
,
Polars
)
Apache
Spark
Apache
Hadoop
Apache
Kafka
Apache
Airflow
/
Dagster
dbt
(
data
build
tool
)
Snowflake
data
warehousing
Google
BigQuery
Microsoft
Fabric
Power
BI
Tableau
Looker
/
Looker
Studio
Qlik
Sense
Microsoft
Excel
(
Power
Query
,
advanced
modeling
)
Statistical
analysis
&
hypothesis
testing
A
/
B
testing
&
experimentation
design
Cohort
&
funnel
analysis
Data
modeling
&
warehouse
design
Data
governance
&
lineage
Data
quality
&
validation
frameworks
Master
data
management
Data
visualization
&
dashboard
design
Forecasting
&
time
-
series
analysis
Google
Analytics
4
Customer
data
platforms
(
Segment
,
mParticle
)
Machine
learning
fundamentals
Supervised
&
unsupervised
learning
scikit
-
learn
PyTorch
TensorFlow
/
Keras
Deep
learning
&
neural
networks
Natural
language
processing
(
spaCy
,
NLTK
)
Hugging
Face
Transformers
Computer
vision
(
OpenCV
,
YOLO
)
Reinforcement
learning
Large
language
models
&
fine
-
tuning
Prompt
engineering
Retrieval
-
augmented
generation
(
RAG
)
Vector
databases
(
pgvector
,
Pinecone
,
Weaviate
)
Generative
AI
APIs
(
OpenAI
,
Anthropic
,
Gemini
)
Agentic
workflows
&
tool
calling
MLOps
(
MLflow
,
Kubeflow
,
SageMaker
)
Feature
engineering
&
feature
stores
Model
evaluation
&
hyperparameter
tuning
Model
deployment
&
serving
Drift
monitoring
&
model
retraining
Responsible
AI
&
bias
evaluation
AI
governance
&
EU
AI
Act
awareness
Speech
-
to
-
text
&
text
-
to
-
speech
integration
Recommendation
systems
Anomaly
detection
6 / 9
12
Mobile
&
Cross
-
Platform
Development
20
skills
13
Enterprise
Systems
&
Business
Applications
28
skills
Swift
&
SwiftUI
iOS
SDK
Kotlin
Jetpack
Compose
Android
SDK
React
Native
Flutter
/
Dart
.
NET
MAUI
Ionic
Firebase
(
Auth
,
Firestore
,
Cloud
Messaging
)
Push
notification
architecture
Mobile
CI
/
CD
(
Fastlane
,
Bitrise
)
App
Store
&
Google
Play
release
management
Mobile
performance
profiling
Offline
-
first
data
sync
Deep
linking
&
universal
links
Mobile
analytics
&
crash
reporting
Mobile
app
security
(
certificate
pinning
,
keystores
)
Responsive
tablet
&
foldable
layouts
Wearable
&
companion
app
development
Salesforce
Sales
&
Service
Cloud
Salesforce
Apex
&
Lightning
development
SAP
ECC
&
S
/4
HANA
SAP
ABAP
Oracle
ERP
Cloud
Microsoft
Dynamics
365
Workday
HCM
&
Financials
NetSuite
ServiceNow
ITSM
&
ITOM
Jira
&
Confluence
administration
SharePoint
Online
Microsoft
365
administration
Google
Workspace
administration
Microsoft
Power
Platform
(
Power
Apps
,
Power
Automate
,
Power
BI
)
HubSpot
CRM
Zendesk
ERP
integration
&
middleware
EDI
(
X
12,
EDIFACT
)
API
-
led
enterprise
integration
(
MuleSoft
,
Boomi
)
Robotic
process
automation
(
UiPath
,
Power
Automate
)
Business
process
modeling
(
BPMN
)
Master
data
&
reference
data
management
ERP
data
migration
&
cutover
planning
CRM
data
hygiene
&
deduplication
License
&
subscription
management
Vendor
&
SaaS
portfolio
management
Low
-
code
/
no
-
code
application
building
Reporting
&
analytics
within
ERP
/
CRM
7 / 9
14
Testing
,
QA
&
Quality
Engineering
24
skills
15
IT
Support
,
ITSM
&
Service
Delivery
26
skills
Manual
&
exploratory
testing
Test
case
design
(
boundary
,
equivalence
,
decision
tables
)
Selenium
WebDriver
Playwright
Cypress
Appium
(
mobile
automation
)
JUnit
PyTest
TestNG
Postman
&
Newman
REST
Assured
Behavior
-
driven
development
(
Cucumber
,
Gherkin
)
Load
&
stress
testing
(
JMeter
,
k
6,
Locust
)
Performance
profiling
&
tuning
Regression
&
smoke
test
suites
Test
automation
framework
design
CI
-
integrated
test
reporting
Accessibility
testing
(
Axe
,
Lighthouse
)
Cross
-
browser
&
cross
-
device
testing
API
contract
testing
(
Pact
)
Test
data
management
&
synthetic
data
Defect
tracking
&
triage
workflows
Release
readiness
&
quality
gates
Risk
-
based
test
prioritization
ITIL
4
service
management
practices
Incident
management
Problem
management
&
root
-
cause
analysis
Change
enablement
&
CAB
coordination
Request
fulfillment
&
service
catalog
design
Service
level
management
(
SLAs
,
OLAs
)
CMDB
&
IT
asset
management
Knowledge
management
&
KB
authoring
Major
incident
command
Escalation
&
triage
procedures
ServiceNow
administration
Jira
Service
Management
Zendesk
&
Freshservice
Remote
support
tooling
(
SCCM
,
TeamViewer
,
BeyondTrust
)
Hardware
diagnostics
&
repair
Desktop
&
laptop
imaging
(
MDT
,
Autopilot
)
Software
packaging
&
deployment
Print
,
peripheral
&
A
/
V
support
Onboarding
&
offboarding
automation
Mobile
device
management
(
MDM
)
End
-
user
training
&
enablement
Contact
center
&
IVR
systems
Telephony
/
VoIP
(
Teams
Phone
,
Zoom
,
RingCentral
)
Vendor
&
contract
management
IT
budgeting
&
procurement
support
Documentation
standards
&
runbooks
8 / 9
16
Project
Delivery
&
Professional
Practice
26
skills
Agile
&
Scrum
Kanban
Scaled
Agile
Framework
(
SAFe
)
Waterfall
delivery
PRINCE
2
PMP
principles
&
project
controls
Jira
&
Azure
DevOps
boards
Requirements
gathering
&
user
stories
Solution
architecture
&
system
design
Technical
documentation
Diagramming
(
Lucidchart
,
draw
.
io
,
Miro
)
Stakeholder
communication
Executive
&
status
reporting
Estimation
&
sprint
planning
Risk
&
dependency
management
Budget
tracking
&
forecasting
Cross
-
functional
collaboration
Code
review
&
mentoring
Pair
programming
Design
&
architecture
review
Technical
writing
&
API
documentation
Root
-
cause
&
postmortem
facilitation
Process
mapping
&
optimization
ITIL
-
aligned
continual
improvement
Change
communications
&
training
delivery
Time
management
&
prioritization
9 / 9
