1
Starbucks SWOT Analysis
Strengths
• Well‐established and growing brand recognition
• Product and brand consistency
• Eco‐friendly practices, for Starbucks is concerned with conserving energy, water,
controlling climate change and recycling
• Participates in community service (both employees and customers)
• Active participant of Create Jobs for USA, STARBUCKS (RED), Starbucks
Foundation and Ethos Water Fund
• Wide variety of product offerings
• Offers free Wi‐Fi in stores and a comfortable space for its customers
• Staff (employee benefits, staff represents the brand)
• Innovative/Progressive
• Strong brand image associated with quality coffee and excellent customer service
(“The Starbucks Experience”)
• Ethical values/Ethical mission statement
• Rewards and recognition
• Possesses a potential for new and innovative store operations
• Has retained a level of sound financial performance/profitable
• An international brand wit more than 5,500 stores in over 50 countries
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Weaknesses
• Needs more of a wide spread customer base
• Prices continually rising, thus risking the loss of customers
• Increasing number of competitors
• Size of stores: stores can become crowded at times
• Political/religious support (may not reflect with those of its customers)
• Limited products at different locations
• Organization has strong presence in the U.S. with more than ¾ of their cafes
located in the home market/lack of international presence
• Reputation with pressure groups; criticized for not using free trade products
• Prices high as opposed to rivals such as Dunkin’ Donuts and McDonald’s
• Product recalls, which occur rather frequently
• Rapid decline of satisfactory customer service, as observed from comments on
MyStarbucksIdea.com
• Leaders are too cross functional in their management
• Not available to all target segments due to higher prices
• Not enough Drive‐Thru services
• Starbucks’ locations are scarce in suburban areas
1
Starbucks.com. Starbucks corporation. 2011. Feb 10, 2012 .
2
• Not enough bilingual employees
• Lack of coupons, deals and promotions
2
Opportunities
• More products can emerge while adapting to other markets
• Creating a coffee house experience in global target markets
• Can focus on emerging economies
• Opportunity of third house experience
• Opportunity for strategic growth initiatives
• Holds the ability to be influenced by the opinions, thought and concerns its
customers have on MyStarbucksIdea.com
• Can increase its knowledge in new technological advances to use in stores
(espresso makers/to‐go cups)
• With continued domestic expansion, it can reach domination of its segment
• More promotions/coupons/discounts
3
Threats
• Relies on international trade for its coffee beans (Arabia, South America, etc.)
• Must comply with international governments for production and distribution
• Very competitive environment with leaders in the restaurant/food business
• Cultural values and routines may interfere/not adapt with the “coffee house”
experience
• Has become a luxury brand; thus, it is a brand that can be consumed by every
consumer on a daily basis
• Issues of negative publicity against the brand due to fair trade conflict with coffee
bean farmers in Africa
• A younger domestic market is being alienated from the Starbucks brand due to
cost
• Recession or downturn in the economy affects consumer spending
• Several activist groups maintain websites criticizing the company’s fair trade
policies, labor relations and environmental impact.
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Starbucks Brand/Product Information
2
"MBA Tutorials » Starbucks SWOT Analysis."
MBA Tutorials » MBA Tutorials – Accounting,
Economics,Finance, Management, Marketing,Strategic Management,human Resource
Management,branding
. MBA Tutorials. Web. 16 Feb. 2012. <http://www.mba-
tutorials.com/marketing/swot-analysis-marketing/310-starbucks-swot-analysis.html>.
3
"Starbucks S.W.O.T."
Business & Company Resource Center
. Business & Company Resource Center.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .
4
"Starbucks Swot Analysis."
Scribd
. Scribd. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
3
Describe the Brand/Product Line
Starbuck’s has grown to be known as the number one coffee store nationwide, and
progressively doing so on an international level. Its first store was established in 1971 in
Seattle, Washington. It became owned by Howard Schultz in 1987 with the help of local
investors. Schultz was captivated by his first Starbucks visit in 1981. After his trip to
Italy in 1983, where he was inspired by the coffee bars, he became motivated to
become an influential part of the company. He wanted to bring back to Starbucks the
romantic and comfortable feel he experienced at the Italian coffee bars and ultimately
create a ‘third house’ experience.
Schultz is currently the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the brand.
Starbucks currently has over 15,500 stores in more than 50 countries. Starbucks
headquarters are located in Seattle, Washington. Its expertise is coffee, and also carries
a variety of products to satisfy the various needs of each customer. Products include
foods, non‐caffeine beverages, pastries, individual coffee bean packages, coffee
utensils (mugs, holders, cups) and even music albums.
5
Starbucks owns around 17,500 of it stores worldwide, with most of them being in the
U.S. Approximately 78% of its store volume is found in beverages (coffee, smoothies,
teas, lattes), 12% food (sandwiches, salads, paninis, wraps) and 5% whole beans (pre‐
packed in different sizes). Its sales also mostly come from beverages, specifically coffee
beverages, at 61%. The sale of coffee beans averages to about 15% and food 16%.
Lastly, 8% of its sales are from coffee utensils and hardware (coffee grinders, filters,
storage containers).
6
Starbucks Products
•
Coffee (Blonde Roast, Medium Roast, Dark Roast, Flavored, Seasonal)
•
Bottled Drinks (Doubleshot Energy, Doubleshot Espresso, Frappuccino)
•
Chocolate Beverages (Hot Chocolate, White Hot Chocolate, Peppermint Hot
Chocolate)
•
Iced Coffee (With or without milk)
•
Espresso Beverages (Lattes, Macchiatos, Mochas, Cappuccino)
•
Frappuccino (Vanilla, Strawberry, Mocha, Caramel, Peppermint, Java, Tazo)
•
Kid’s Drinks (Caramel Apple Spice, Apple Juice, Flavored Steamed Milk)
•
Tazo Drinks (Awake, Black Shaken, Chai Tea, Calm, Earl Grey, Full Leaf, Green
•
Tea, Iced, Passion, Refresh, Vanilla, Zen)
5
Starbucks.com. Starbucks corporation. 2011. Feb 10, 2012 .
6
"Coffee Shop Industry - A Strategic Analysis."
Grin
. Katz Graduate School of Business. Web. 16 Feb.
2012.
.
4
•
Smoothies (Chocolate, Orange Mango, Strawberry)
•
Baked Goods (Muffins, Doughnuts, Scones, Fritters, Loafs, Croissants, Cheese
•
Danish, Cookies, Bars, Bagels, Brownies, Gingerbread, Pound Cake, Bread,
Coffee Cake, Buns)
•
Petites Dessert (Cake Pop, Whoopie Pie, Sweet Square, Mini Cupcake)
•
Bistro Boxes (Cheese and Fruit, Chicken and Humus, Chicken Wraps, Protein‐
based Bites, Salumi and Cheese, Sesame Noodles, Tuna Salad)
•
Breakfast (Sandwiches, Wraps, Oatmeal)
•
Salads (Deluxe Fruit Blend)
•
Sandwiches, Paninis and Wraps
•
Ice Cream (Caramel Macchiato, Coffee, Java Chip Frapp, Mocha Frapp,
•
Peppermint Mocha, Strawberries and Crème, Vanilla Bean)
•
Yogurt Parfaits (Greek Yogurt Honey, Peach Raspberry, Strawberry and
Blueberry)
•
Equipment (Coffee Presses, Coffee Makers, Espresso Machines, Grinders,
•
Teapots and Teakettles, Equipment Gift Sets)
•
Drinkware (Cups and Mugs, Tumblers and Travel Mugs, Cold Beverage,
•
Accessories, Winter Drinkware)
•
Syrups and Sauces (Caramel, Pepermint, Hazelnut, etc.)
•
Hot Cocoa Individual Pre‐Packaged Mixes
•
Music and Books (Tracks that are played in store)
•
Apparel (Hoodies, T‐shirts, Hats)
•
Starbucks Card (Gift Card, Pre‐pay, Manage, Reload, Rewards)
Starbucks’ products are enveloped in Starbucks’ ultimate goal of creating the coffee
house experience or “The Starbucks Experience”. From the variety of coffee products to
the ambience in each store, Starbucks takes all the right steps to deliver this experience
to its customers, community, employees and shareholders.
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Manufacturer/Marketer
Peter D. Gibbons joined the Starbucks team as the Senior Vice President of Global
Manufacturing Operations in 2007, and is now Executive Vice President of Global
Supply Chain Operations. His duties are to operate and control the manufacturing,
engineering, procurement, distribution, strategic planning, transportation, and
inventory management of Starbucks stores worldwide. Gibbons works to maintain and
enhance the ultimate experience that Starbucks believes in and makes sure that it
continues to participate in environmentally safe procedures and local community
volunteering.
7
Starbucks.com. Starbucks corporation. 2011. Feb 10, 2012 .
5
Starbucks has five company‐owned roasting plants in Nevada, Pennsylvania, South
Carolina, Washington and Netherlands. Starbucks also has 24 co‐manufacturers in the
U.S., Canada, Europe, Asia and Latin America. It also owns one tea processing plant in
Portland, Oregon and in the U.S. Its approximate product deliveries are 2.7 million units
per year.
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Supply Chain Management
The supply chain management for Starbucks begins with the importation of its
coffee beans from Latin America, Africa and Asia to the U.S. and Europe. The
unroasted, or “green”, coffee beans are transported in ocean containers to the U.S. or
Europe, and are then taken to six storage sites where they are roasted. Starbucks has
five regional distribution centers in the U.S. Two are company‐owned, and third‐party
logistic companies manage the remaining three. These distribution centers distribute
not only coffee, but other Starbucks products as well. The roasted coffee beans are
then taken here for distribution. Starbucks distribution centers are also located in
Europe and Asia, all which are owned by third‐party logistic companies. Apart from
distribution centers, Starbucks also holds 48 central distribution centers worldwide: 33
in the U.S, seven in Asia/Pacific, five in Canada and three in Europe. Third‐party
logistics companies own forty‐seven of these centers. Products are then distributed by
truck from these central distribution centers, or from the larger distribution centers, to
their local Starbucks stores.
9
Stage of the Product Life Cycle for the
Brand/Product Line
Starbucks’ product life cycle follows a similar structure as the general product life cycle
process. The product life cycle for Starbucks proves to be different, for certain
Starbucks products may go through each stage at differently, and these stages may
occur over various lengths of time. For example, the Starbucks product life cycle of a
summer drink like the Frappuccino starts its introduction stage in early to mid‐spring.
Then, the Frappuccino hits its growth stage from the beginning to late summer, as
consumers opt for cold beverages in the hot weather. As the summer begins to end, the
product reaches the maturity stage within the product life cycle. The decline stage of
the Frappuccino beverage will hit during late fall and early to mid spring. The demand
8
"Starbucks Newsroom: Executive Vice President, Global Supply Chain Operations."
Starbucks
Newsroom: Home
. Starbucks. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
9
Cooke, James A. "From Bean to Cup: How Starbucks Transformed Its Supply Chain – Procurement –
CSCMP's Supply Chain Quarterly."
CSCMP's Supply Chain Quarterly – Supply Chain Analysis, Insight &
More
. CSCMP. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
6
for the product falls, and the consumption of hot beverages during the cold winter
times rises.
10
Total Annual Sales Volume
The total annual sales volume for the Starbucks Corporation is standardized in millions
of USD. The corporation’s fiscal year ends in October.
11
The sharp decline in revenue during the 2009 fiscal year has been attributed to the
United States’ recession, as well as the overall weak global economy, during the
specific time period. Starbucks was one of the initial corporations to recognize the
recession and its potential negative, long‐term effects to total revenue and gross profit.
Thus, the company halted plans for further global expansion in July 2008, and in
January 2009, closed 507 of its retail stores in the United States and 64 retail stores
abroad. Starbucks saw it best to concentrate their efforts upon a fewer number of
stores, thus allowing them to improve within the areas of brewing coffee and customer
service, and rediscovering the coffee‐house art of pouring espresso.
In the second quarter of the 2009 fiscal year, Starbucks announced a 77 percent net
income drop, attributed partially to an 8 percent decline in revenue from stores that
10
Starbucks.com. Starbucks corporation. 2011. Feb 10, 2012
.
11
"Starbucks Financials."
Business & Company Resource Center
. Business & Company Resource Center.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
<http://invreports.galegroup.com.emils.lib.colum.edu/reuters/FinancialReport/FinancialReports.jsp?COUN
TRY=US>.
Fiscal Year
Total Revenue
Gross Profit
2011
$ 11700.4 MM
$ 3086.0 MM
2010
$ 10707.4 MM
$ 2697.4 MM
2009
$ 9774.6 MM
$ 2024.6 MM
2008
$ 10383.0 MM
$ 1992.6 MM
2007
$ 9411.5 MM
$ 2196.5 MM
Fiscal Year
Gross Profit Margin
2011
26%
2010
25%
2009
21%
2008
19%
2007
23%
7
had been operational for at least a year. Further research found that 5 percent of that
drop could be attributed to customers cutting back on transactions and the amount
they spent per visit. Starbucks has long been characterized as a corporation to appeals
to affluent professionals, while the lower end of the market is catered to by
competitors such as McDonald’s, which had begun selling specialty coffee beverages
during the time period as well. In the search for a more economical way to find their
morning coffee fix, many former Starbucks consumers had begun visiting foodservice
industry giants Dunkin ’Donuts and McDonald’s, or purchased in‐home coffee brewers
and espresso machines.
Through the recession and decline in gross profit margin, Starbucks saw an opportunity
to improve revenue: the introduction of a breakfast value meal. Customers were given
the option to purchase a cup of coffee and one of Starbucks’ ‘Artisan Sandwiches’, a cup
of ‘Perfect Oatmeal’, or a piece of coffee cake for $3.95. The company also
simultaneously planned a multi‐million dollar advertising campaign, focused on
Starbucks’ ability to offer value without compromising quality, and lowered the cost of
more basic specialty coffee beverages.
12
Within the fiscal third quarter of 2009, the Starbucks Corporation (NASDAQ: SBUX)
reported stronger results. The 8 percent decline of store sales in the second quarter had
risen to 5 percent, and the reported net revenue of $2.4 billion was only 2 M lower than
the reported results in the third quarter of 2008. In the press release surrounding the
announcement of the results, Executive Vice President and CFO, Troy Alstead,
explained the reasons for Starbucks’ financial improvement: “Excellent execution
throughout our organization contributed significantly to our performance this quarter.
Our store partners have embraced the cost disciples and efficiency initiatives that are
enabling us to expand our operating margin. In doing this, they have also delivered
increased service speed, measurably improved customer service, customer satisfaction,
and an overall enhanced
Starbucks Experience
.”
13
Sales Volume by Key Distribution
Starbucks’ retail sales mix is approximately 61% coffee beverages, 16% food items, 15%
whole‐bean coffees, and 8% coffee‐related products and equipment. The product sales
volume differs from store to store, commonly depending on the size and location of
each individual outlet. Larger locations carry a greater variety of whole coffee beans,
12
Flynn, Laurie J. "Starbucks Reports 77% Earnings Decline - NYTimes.com."
The New York Times -
Breaking News, World News & Multimedia
. The New York Times, 16 Feb. 2012. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
13
"Starbucks Newsroom: Starbucks Posts Strong Third Quarter Fiscal 2009 Results."
Starbucks
Newsroom: Home
. Starbucks. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
8
gourmet food items, teas, coffee mugs, coffee grinders, coffee‐making equipment,
filters, storage containers, and other accessories. Smaller stores retail location sales are
typically limited to coffee beverages, and a small variety of whole‐bean coffees.
14
$ Sales Volume and Share of Total $ Sales for Key
Items within the Product Line (2011)
15
(in millions of U.S. dollars)
Market Share and Rank
Top Beverage/Snack Restaurant Firms, 2008
Market shares are shown in percent.
%
Starbucks Coffee
54.10
Dunkin' Donuts
34.50
Krispy Kreme
Doughnuts
4.10
Baskin‐Robbins
3.90
Jamba Juice
3.20
14
"Coffee Shop Industry - A Strategic Analysis."
Grin
. Katz Graduate School of Business. Web.
16 Feb. 2012. .
15
"Starbucks Financials."
Business & Company Resource Center
. Business & Company Resource Center.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
<http://invreports.galegroup.com.emils.lib.colum.edu/reuters/FinancialReport/FinancialReports.jsp?COUN
TRY=US>.
Product Line
$ Sales
Share of $ Sales
Coffee Beverages
$ 7137.2 MM
61%
Food Items
$ 1872.1 MM
16%
Whole‐Bean Coffees
$ 1755.1 MM
15%
Products/Equipment
$ 936. 0 MM
8%
9
Largest Coffee Shops Worldwide, 2009
Companies are ranked by units. Seattle's Best is a subsidiary of Starbucks and is present
in 400 Borders Books and soon in more than 7,000 Burger King stores.
u
Starbucks
11,000.00
Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf
750.00
Caribou Coffee
511.00
Peet's Coffee
192.00
Seattle's Best
160.00
Tim Horton's
160.00
Coffee Beanery
131.00
Tully's
100.00
Top Quick‐Service Restaurant Chains, 2009
Firms are ranked by sales in billions of dollars.
$
McDonald's
31.00
Subway
10.00
Burger King
9.00
Wendy's
8.38
Starbucks
8.34
Taco Bell
6.80
Dunkin' Donuts
5.70
Pizza Hut
5.00
KFC
4.90
Sonic
3.83
Arby's
3.22
Chick‐fil‐A
3.21
Jack in the Box
3.07
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Top Coffee Makers, 2010
Companies are ranked based on sales at supermarkets, drug stores and mass
merchandisers (excluding Wal‐Mart) for the 52 weeks ended August 8, 2010.
($ mil.) Share
$
%
J.M. Smucker Co.
898.50 17.69
Kraft Foods Inc.
497.30
9.79
Starbucks Coffee Co.
224.70
4.42
Massimo Zanetti Beverage USA
87.20
1.72
Eight O'Clock Coffee Co.
66.70
1.31
Peet's Coffee and Tea Inc.
60.20
1.19
Rowland Coffee Roasters
45.50
0.90
New England Tea and Coffee Co. Inc.
35.20
0.69
Community Coffee Co. Inc.
33.40
0.66
Private label
237.70
4.68
Other
2,892.10 56.95
16
Current Brand Positioning
Starbucks has developed a concept in branding and positioning that no
other coffee brand has done: the concept of "Third Place", or the business
that individuals visit most commonly between the home and the workplace.
The "Third Place" has become very effective and became one of the
strongest concepts developed by the company. This idea has been
developed by creating a unique and relaxing atmosphere, as well as the
offering of high quality products.
Global positioning is strong in the Starbucks brand, and is not only become
a nationally recognized brand, but an internationally recognized brand as
well. The Starbucks brand has positioned itself in the national market as the
head of the U.S coffee, with more than 12, 500 coffee houses in the U.S.
Internationally, the Starbucks brand has expanded exponentially. Starbucks
is now the largest coffee house in the world with locations in 55 countries,
16
"Starbucks Market Share."
Business & Company Resource Center
. Business & Company Resource
Center. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
11
including over 1,200 in Canada, 700 in the United Kingdom, and 54 in
Russia.
Current Brand Marketing Strategies
In order for any marketing efforts to succeed, it is important to have a logo that
encompasses the brand’s business identity. The newest Starbucks logo has dropped its
name; it is simple, clean, and evokes confidence. Last year, Starbucks celebrated its
40
th
anniversary. Over the past 40 years, the brand has become “the worlds leading
purveyor of the highest quality coffee”, as put by Starbucks chairman and CEO, Howard
Shultz. In 2011, Starbucks evolved the design of the logo: “It embraces and respects the
Starbucks heritage and at the same time, it evolves and feels more suitable for the
future, “ Shultz explained. “At its core, it is the exact same essence of the Starbucks
experience and allows to customers to think beyond coffee.” The Starbucks logo has
changed three different times over its forty years in business, each marking a historical
achievement for the brand.
17
Starbucks marketing efforts have focused on local rather than nationwide marketing.
Starbucks positions each store individually according to the specific location they are in.
Starbucks is as aware of the local community, thus making each retail location specific
and unique to each neighborhood they are located in.
Starbucks Marketing Strategic Ideas
o
“Perfect cup of coffee”
‐ placing emphasis on product quality
o
“Third Place”
‐ focusing on creating the “third place” for everyone to go
between home and work
o
“Customer satisfaction” ‐
it is important for customers experience the
uniqueness of the coffee experience
o
“Creating a Starbucks community” ‐
creating a community around the
brand, locally and globally
o
“Smart partnerships” ‐
a way to grow business is to partner smart
o
“Innovations” ‐
creative and innovative ideas to add to their product line
and services (for example, Starbucks was first to offer free Wi‐Fi within
its stores)
17
Allison, Melissa. “Starbucks takes unique approach to marketing”. Seattle Times. Oct 12, 2006. The
Seattle Times Company. Feb 8, 2012
12
o
“Brand Marketing" ‐
word of mouth focus, letting the high quality of
their products speak for themselves.
18
Current Brand Advertising Budget/Budget
Allocation
An article written by Emily Bryson on AdAge explained how much McDonald’s has
helped to launch the awareness of coffee consumptions through their advertisements.
“McDonald's launched its McCafé ad push, estimated at $100 million, in May. By
comparison, TNS Media Intelligence figures put Starbucks spending at just $26
million in measured media throughout 2008. Competitors such as Dunkin' Donuts
have also stayed in the mix with aggressive value‐menu advertising.” A more recent
AdAge article, written by Maureen Morrison in 2011, talks about Starbucks becoming
the 3rd largest fast food chain. McDonald's, perennially the top restaurant chain in U.S.
sales, spent about $887.8 million on U.S. measured media spending in 2010, up from
$872.8 million in 2010. Burger King, pulling back its outlay over the years, shelled out
about $301 million on domestic measured media in 2010, down from $308 million in
2009 and $327 million in 2008. Wendy's in 2010 spent $283.4 million, down from $293.4
million in 2009.
19
Starbucks is very strategic in their use of social media. This strategy is relayed within a
social media Advertising Age article: McDonald's US has just over 1,882,000 fans on
their Facebook Fan Page, while Dunkin’ Donuts has approximately 829,000 fans.
Starbucks, on the other hand, has over 3,665,000, and the Starbucks Frappuccino page
more than 1,307,000. Starbucks has utilized social media and has thus determined the
best way to reach their customer base is through these plug‐ins: Facebook, Twitter and
Foursquare.
20
Current and Historical Creative Executions
18
Allison, Melissa. “Starbucks takes unique approach to marketing”. Seattle Times. Oct 12, 2006. The
Seattle Times Company. Feb 8, 2012
19
Morrison, Maureen. “Starbucks Hits No. 3 Despite Limited Ad Spending.” AdAge.
May 02, 2011. Crain Communications. Feb 10, 2012 <http://adage.com/results?
endeca=1&searchprop=AdAgeAll&return=endeca&search_offset=0&search_order_b
y=score&search_phrase=starbucks+ad+budget>
20
Morrison, Maureen. “Starbucks Hits No. 3 Despite Limited Ad Spending.” AdAge.
May 02, 2011. Crain Communications. Feb 10, 2012 <http://adage.com/results?
endeca=1&searchprop=AdAgeAll&return=endeca&search_offset=0&search_order_b
y=score&search_phrase=starbucks+ad+budget>
13
Social media has proven to be a major advertising avenue for Starbucks. Local
advertising has also proven to be a major advertising avenue and has been much more
successful for Starbucks than mass national campaigns. In the present day, viral
marketing allows advertising dollars to more specifically target individuals rather than
the masses. There are two recent viral campaigns that Starbucks launched for the
holiday season and Valentine’s Day: they both combine a unique Starbucks experience
with modern day technology. In both campaigns, the customer scans the picture on the
cup and in turn can receive personalized messages and information about the brand.
For example, the Starbucks Cup Magic app for Valentine’s Day incorporates the latest
in augmented reality technology to offer an animated visual experience. Customers can
download the app by scanning a picture on their Starbucks cup to create their own
personalized augmented reality valentine to send to others. There is an option to also
send a personalized valentine with a Starbucks Card eGift.
21
Target Audience
Starbucks has 25 million visitors in its stores each week, with this number steadily
increasing every year. The average consumers are middle to upper class business
associates and college students. Consumers are either single or married, and have a
tendency for a greater amount of disposable income. Starbucks determined that most
of its targeted customers consider themselves relatively technology savvy via the
computer, thus the company’s marketing focus on social media. Most Starbucks retail
stores are located in big cities and shopping malls, or areas where populations of
middle to upper class individuals are dense.
Category Brand/Consumption Patterns
It has been found that 60% of Americans have scaled back on specialty coffee
purchases in the past six months due to the overwhelming state of the economy. Those
who have scaled back the most since the beginning of the year, according to the online
survey of 500 Americans conducted between Jan. 14 and 15, are consumers 45 to 54.
This statistic was followed by consumers who are 35 to 44 (37.5%) years of age, and
finally by those aged 25 to 34 (33.3%). As might be expected, those who had trimmed
the expense the most were in the lower of the survey's income brackets (48.6% earned
21
Morrison, Maureen. “Starbucks Hits No. 3 Despite Limited Ad Spending.” AdAge.
May 02, 2011. Crain Communications. Feb 10, 2012 <http://adage.com/results?
endeca=1&searchprop=AdAgeAll&return=endeca&search_offset=0&search_order_b
y=score&search_phrase=starbucks+ad+budget>
14
between $20,000 and $39,000, and 33.6% earned below $20,000; the latter presumably
included college students).
22
Media Consumption
Starbucks has historically avoided television advertisements, and instead utilizes
newspapers and websites for increasing brand awareness. As Starbucks grew into one
of the world's best‐known brands, it has rarely been advertised on television. Starbucks
was successful in this lack of mass television advertisements due to various strategic
marketing tactics, such as social media.
On Apr. 30 the company unveiled a new slogan, "It's Not Just Coffee. It's
Starbucks," and kicked off a coffee‐focused newspaper ad campaign in papers including
The New York Times (NYT), warning against down‐market imitators like McDonald's.
"Beware of Cheaper Coffee. It Comes with a Price", reads one ad that ran on the back
page of the Times' Sunday Business section. The campaign also includes a YouTube
video, with Schultz asking Starbucks baristas what they think of the other print ads in
the new ad campaign, like one that reads "This Is What Coffee Tastes Like When You
Pour Your Heart into It." The Seattle‐based chain also maintains a Facebook page and
various other social media outlets.
23
Psychographic Information
Consumers want to be able to taste many types of high quality coffee variations. It is
vitally important that more popular coffee products are available to consumers, while
other variations are introduced on an occasional basis. Starbucks also meets the needs
of not only in‐store consumers, but in‐home coffee consumers as well by offering
brewing equipment and coffee accessories. In addition to meeting those beverage
needs of consumers, sometimes there is the need to have an assortment of small foods
that are quick to consume and easy to carry. Changes in the social and economic
structure of the country are resulting in higher levels of disposable income and a
greater interest in Starbuck products and merchandise. At the same time, other coffee
shops are trying to tap in on the fad created by Starbucks.
24
22
"Ad Age."
Advertising Agency & Marketing Industry News - Advertising Age
. Ad Age, 31 Jan. 2012.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .
23
"Ad Age."
Advertising Agency & Marketing Industry News - Advertising Age
. Ad Age, 31 Jan. 2012.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .
24
"Ad Age."
Advertising Agency & Marketing Industry News - Advertising Age
. Ad Age, 31 Jan. 2012.
Web. 16 Feb. 2012. .
15
Category/Competition
Size of the Category and Segments including a 5‐
Year Growth History
The coffee shop industry in the United States includes 20,000 stores with combined
annual revenue of about $11 billion. Major companies include Starbucks, Dunkin’
Donuts, Coffee Bean, Caribou, Tea Leaf, and Diedrich (Gloria Jean’s). The coffee shop
industry is highly concentrated at the top and fragmented towards the bottom,
meaning that the top 50 companies have over 70 percent of the industry’s sales.
Coffee consumption is highest in the Northeastern portion of the United States, where
over 60 percent of the population consumed coffee daily in 2005, according to the
National Coffee Association (NCA). Per capita consumption is highest in the
Midwestern United States, where coffee drinkers average 3.7 cups a day. The typical
and most committed coffee drinkers are 25‐45 years old, affluent, educated adults.
Specialty coffee appeals to a diverse adult demographic, including college students and
young adults. Larger companies may also sell coffee beans wholesale to commercial
customers, such as grocery stores and restaurants. Sales are generally seasonal, with a
peak during the fourth quarter, largely driven by the winter holiday season. In addition,
poor weather can affect sales by decreasing store traffic.
In terms of market growth rate, the coffee shop industry grew over 40% between 2000
and 2005, with an overall 70% increase in the number of coffee shops between 2000
and 2005. However, the coffee shop industry expansion is slowed, compared to its
explosive growth in the 1990’s. Since the market has slowed from record highs in the
1990’s, companies are looking to expand overseas through licensing agreements.
Starbucks is the single largest contributor to this increase, as its number of outlets
continues to increase on a yearly basis worldwide.
25
Category Life Cycle Stage and Information on Key
Competitors
The life cycle stage of specialty coffee beverages is within the growth stage of the
category life cycle.
25
"Starbucks Case Study."
Starbucks Case Study
. McGraw-Hill Companies. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
.
16
Starbucks
Starbucks, the world’s number one coffee retailer, has over 13,000 coffee shops in more
than 35 countries. Starbucks retail locations offer specialty coffee beverages, gourmet
food items, coffee beans, teas, and a variety of coffee accessories. Starbucks owns
about 17,500 of its shops, which are located in about 10 countries (mostly in the U.S.),
while licensees and franchisees operate the remaining outlets. A majority of Starbucks
retail sales account for specialty coffee beverages (61%), along with food items (16%),
whole‐bean coffees (15%), and coffee‐related products and equipment (8%). The
company does not compete on price, but rather on the complete experience customers
receive while visiting the coffee shop. Starbucks works to create a connection with
every single one of their customers. Starbuck’s overall goal is to establish its brand as
one of the most recognized and respected ones in the world. Therefore the enterprise
plans to continue the rapid expansion of its retail locations, grow its specialty
operations, and to selectively pursue other opportunities to leverage the brand through
the introduction of new products and the development of new channels of distribution.
In continuance with its history of partnerships, Starbucks and Concord Music Group
announced on March 12
th
of this year the formation of a new record label “Hear Music”
which will distribute recordings at Starbucks locations. This partnership is another step
in Starbucks’ entertainment strategy that links to the company’s focus on atmosphere
and image. Last fall, addressing McDonald’s attempts to lure customers away,
Starbucks announced its plans to offer hot breakfast sandwiches in an appeal to fans of
the Egg McMuffin and establish them also in the breakfast and afternoon snack
segment.
McDonald’s
McDonald's is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 30,000 local
restaurants, serving nearly 50 million people in over than 119 countries each day. In
2006, the company reached a record high of $21.6 billion in revenues. McDonald's has
become a major player in the coffee market, and holds the belief that the major reason
for the billion cups they sell annually is due to their brewing temperature of 195‐205°F.
The average cost of a cup of coffee at a McDonald's retail location is $1.35. Recent
strategic changes within McDonald’s include the improvement of the quality of its
coffee through the launch of a premium roast in March of 2006. The launch has allowed
McDonald's to compete with major coffee house retailers such as Starbucks and
Caribou Coffee. Furthermore, McDonald’s is looking into “day‐parts” penetration as a
growth strategy. The company is currently the market leader in the breakfast segment,
but is looking to take over the afternoon segment as well through the launch of
specialty coffee beverages in March of 2007. The move towards a premium roast is
consistent with McDonald's overall strategic shift to begin offering more 'upscale food',
17
though the pricing strategy for espresso‐based drinks still falls below Starbucks' prices.
Though McDonald's has a pricing advantage, specialty drinks are served from push‐
button machines, unlike retailers such as Starbucks or Caribou Coffee, who explore the
art of handcrafted beverages and upscale customer service. However, coffee
competitors are increasingly threatened by McDonald's recent ability to increase its
level of service and improve its stores through the slowing down of expansion and
reallocation of funds.
Dunkin’ Donuts
Dunkin’ Donuts is the world’s largest coffee and baked goods chain, serving over 3
million customers a day. In 2006, the company boasted revenues of approximately $4.7
billion, with more than 7,000 shops worldwide (5,300 in the U.S.). The company is
continues to open 700‐1000 additional retail locations annually. Dunkin’ Donuts has
forged a strong identity as a coffee destination, and continues to grow its
food/beverage offerings incrementally. The company sells about 500 million cups of
coffee a year, for approximately $1.65 per cup. Approximately 57% of the chain's sales
are found in the sale of beverages. Dunkin’ Donuts is currently pursuing the following
key strategies: multi‐branding concept development, Dunkin’ brand vitalization,
product innovations, accelerated brand development, improved operational
effectiveness and talent acquisition, and operates its retail locations in a franchise
format, either through operating agreement, license agreement, or joint venture.
In
order to grow its presence within the coffee market, Dunkin' Donuts plans to widen its
specialty coffee beverage options. A portion of this effort included signing an
agreement with Procter & Gamble in March of 2007, thus launching Dunkin' Donuts
packaged coffee beans at U.S. retailers, including grocery stores, mass merchandisers,
and club stores. Dunkin' Donuts' current advertising strategy works to emphasize the
company's ability to be a faster, cheaper, and more user‐friendly alternative to coffee
houses like Starbucks. In an effort to market itself as time effective, Dunkin' Donuts has
recently installed espresso machines which are capable of brewing coffee in
approximately 44 seconds. CEO Jon Luther sees an opportunity for the company within
the specialty beverage market, especially among a consumer of a younger
demographic, who enjoys specialty coffee beverages, yet is unable to afford brands
such as Starbucks. The current goals of the brand to target this particular market are to
focus on improving customer service and cross shop consistency in service, a goal that
might prove to be rather challenging due to the company's franchise structure.
Caribou Coffee
Caribou Coffee was founded in 1993, with its headquarters currently located in
Minneapolis, Minnesota. Today, it is the second largest specialty coffee company in the
U.S. with 416 outlets (2005) in 18 states and the District of Columbia. In 2005, company
18
revenue was found to be approximately $198 million. Caribou's retail locations have a
distinct design scheme, featuring mountain‐lodge‐style decor with exposed beam
ceilings, leather chairs, and fireplaces. With a motto relaying "Life is short. Stay awake
for it.", Caribou Coffee has successfully competed against Starbucks in a number of U.S.
states.
Caribou's point of brand strength is found in the quality and freshness of their
products. Caribou coffee products are packaged immediately after roasting, and are
sold no more than 21 days after roasting or no more than seven days after opening the
package. An additional point of brand strength might be found in Caribou's unique
roast of coffee in a warmer store atmosphere, as opposed to the sleek, urban design of
Starbucks retail locations.
Caribou Coffee is currently looking to expand internationally,
specifically with its sights set on initial expansion in the Middle East, for the company
believes that this area has a small, but developing market for American‐branded coffee
houses. Additional strategic approaches include the development of strategic
partnerships with retailers such as Eatzi's, or building stores specifically next to
Bruegger's Bagels, Blockbuster Video, and Border's Books. The company continues to
sell its coffee as well in higher‐end grocery stores, and is served exclusively on Frontier
and Maxjet airlines.
___
Though it has been recognized that no specialty coffee retailer has approached
Starbucks in terms of its success on a global scale, the coffee shop industry has become
increasingly competitive. While many affluent American consumers remain to favor
Starbucks coffee, industry experts have questioned whether or not the company’s focus
on the art of the in‐store experience rather than its product portfolio will allow for long‐
term success. With the selection of coffee beans improving elsewhere, it is unclear how
many customers will continue to purchase specialty coffee beverages at premium
prices if Starbucks’ terms of in‐store experience become no longer unique. It has been
predicted that the specialty coffee beverage consumer’s view on the price‐value
equation will change in the future.
26
Brand/Product Names
Today, McDonald's is the world's leading global food service retailer with more than
33,000 locations serving nearly 68 million customers in 119 countries each day.
McDonald's has become very popular by the variety of food selection they offer, as well
as the fast service they provide. McDonald's food menu consists of burgers,
sandwiches, chicken, salads, breakfast, snacks, desserts and beverages. McDonald's
meat and chicken comes from USDA‐inspected suppliers in the U.S., with a small
26
"Coffee Shop Industry - A Strategic Analysis."
Grin
. Katz Graduate School of Business. Web. 16 Feb.
2012. .
19
percentage of their beef imported from USDA‐ inspected suppliers in Australia and
New Zealand
.
27
McDonald's recent espresso line makes up about 15 percent of McDonald's revenue.
McCafe has been successful due to their low cost on espresso beverages compared to
other espresso shops. At McDonald's, one can choose between several gourmet coffee
choices: cappuccinos, lattes, and iced and hot mochas. Their McCafe specialty coffee
beans are imported from Brazil and from the mountains of Sumatra, Guatemala, and
Costa Rica. Their Premium Roast coffee beans are grown in Brazil and the mountains of
Colombia, Guatemala, and Costa Rica.
28
Manufacturer/Marketer
McDonald’s manufacturers include Gavina Gourmet Coffee, Lopez Foods (beef patties),
Keystone Foods (chicken), and 100 Circle Farms (potatoes).
29
McDonald’s utilizes
Omnicom Group (DDB Worldwide), Publicis Groupe’s Leo Burnett Worldwide for their
marketing tactics.
30
Annual Sales Volume for McDonald’s
27
"McDonald's Products, Calories and Nutritional Information." All Things Food and Diet - FatSecret.
Web. 1 Feb. 2012. .
28
Patton, Leslie. "McDonald
’
s Second-Quarter Profit Gains 15% as McCafe Beverages Boost Sales -
Bloomberg." Bloomberg - Business & Financial News, Breaking News Headlines. Bloomberg, 22 July
2011. Web. 1 Feb. 2012. <http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-22/mcdonald-s-second-quarter-profit-
gains-15-as-mccafe-beverages-boost-sales.html>.
29
"Meet Our Suppliers :: McDonalds.com."
Home :: McDonalds.com
. McDonald's. Web. 18 Feb. 2012.
<http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/food/food_quality/see_what_we_are_made_of/meet_our_suppliers.html
>.
30
Chura, Hillary. "McDonald's Pulls Further Away from Mass Marketing."
Advertising Age
. Advertising
Agency. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. .
Fiscal Year
Sales by Volume (in
billions)
Growth Rate in Percent
2011
$ 27.01 B
12.18%
2010
$ 24.07 B
5.85%
2009
$ 22.74 B
‐3.31%
2008
$ 23.52 B
3.23%
2007
$22.79 B
N/A
20
The chart above shows McDonald's sale by volume in billions of dollars.
The chart shows years 2007‐2011. The chart shows the growth rate in
percent.
31
Share of Market and Rank
McDonald's earning/share with percent change
The chart shown above is McDonald's earning/share in dollars for years 2006‐2010. The
Chart above also show the percent change from previous year in percentages.
* The 2000‐2010 annual growth rate percent was 26.0.
Food service Industry Category Rank (2010)
Company
Revenue ($Millions)
Rank
McDonald's
$ 24,074.6
1
Yum Brands
$ 11,343.0
2
Starbucks
$ 10,707.4
3
The chart show above is the Food service Industry Category Rank (2010). The Chart
shows the companies, revenue ($ millions) and Rank.
Ranking within Fortune 500 Companies (2010)
Company
Revenue ($Millions)
Rank
McDonald's
$ 24,074.6
111
Yum Brands
$ 11,343.0
214
Starbucks
$ 10,707.4
229
The chart above is the Ranking within Fortune 500 companies (2010). The chart shows
company, revenue($millions) and ranking within Fortune 500 companies (2010).
32
31
"McDonald’s Financials."
Business & Company Resource Center
. Business & Company Resource
Center. Web. 16 Feb. 2012.
<http://invreports.galegroup.com.emils.lib.colum.edu/reuters/FinancialReport/FinancialReports.jsp?COUN
TRY=US>.
32
MarketWatch. 2012. MarketWatch Inc.2 Feb. 2012
Year
Earning/share
Percent change from previous
year
2006
0.71
16.4
2007
0.87
22.5
2008
0.43
‐50.6
2009
0.52
20.9
2010
1.24
26.0
21
Demographics
McDonald's age group demographics include 6‐12 year olds, who are
considered heavy users; 16‐24 are considered to be single and heavy users;
24 and older are considered to be single or married, and are light to medium
users. Social groups demographics include students, businessmen and
women, housewives, entrepreneurs, teenagers, and small children.
McDonald’s demographic information regarding location includes both
national and international locations. Race demographics includes all races
and ethnicities, as well as gender demographics, which include both male
and female.
McDonald’s Marketing Strategy
The McDonald’s McCafé is a specialty coffee product with a different target market, as
compared to Starbucks specialty coffee beverages. The particular target market for
McDonald’s specialty coffee beverages includes working individuals of a low to middle
socioeconomic class. McDonald’s promotes their McCafe beverages as a lower priced
coffee beverage, yet one that still retains product quality.
Current Creative Strategy
The McDonald’s McCafe was launched upon the promotional tool of “Free Coffee
Mondays”, which was a prime promotion for a working class target market. Both,
Dunkin’ Donuts and McCafé are looking for the same demographic when it comes to
customers. The Starbucks consumer is considered one of affluence, is typically brand
loyal, and is seeking experience rather than a ‘better deal’. There are two strategies
created for the launch of McCafé: one targeted to leisurely consumption of gourmet
coffee drinks such as mocha, cappuccino and latte. These are very similar to Starbuck’s
ads because they are looking to join that category. The other campaign is targeted for
the middle class working American that is seeking a quality cup of coffee at a reduced
price. McDonald’s is not only trying to get the attention of Starbucks followers, but also
Dunkin Donut followers. These two competitors encompass the majority of the market
segment for specialty coffee beverages.
33
33
Morrison, Maureen. “Starbucks Hits No. 3 Despite Limited Ad Spending.” AdAge.
May 02, 2011. Crain Communications. Feb 10, 2012 <http://adage.com/results?
endeca=1&searchprop=AdAgeAll&return=endeca&search_offset=0&search_order_b
y=score&search_phrase=starbucks+ad+budget>
22
Allocation of Advertising Dollars
In 2003, McDonald’s was the 16
th
largest national advertiser in the United States, with
advertising spending amounting to $1.37 billion (an increase of 2.4% since 2002).
According to Advertising Age, U.S. sales were up $6 billion (up 11.4% since 2002), and
worldwide sales were $17.1 billion (up 11.3% since 2002).
34
In 2004, McDonald’s began pulling away from the idea of ‘mass marketing’, believing
that no single ad tells the entire story of a business, and instead moved to create an
advertising strategy that uses multidimensional and multilayered media. After the
implementation of this idea, McDonald’s spent $577 million in measured media in 2003,
according to TNS Media Intelligence/CMR.
35
Consumer Purchasing/Consumption Patterns
McCafe drinks are sold at a very low and affordable price, and thus allowing them a
large amount of reoccurring customers. As well, many individuals buy their coffee with
their breakfast that they get at McDonald's, leading to increase revenue. Adding an
extra $2‐$3 for a cup of coffee makes them less hesitant. McDonald's offers breakfast
from early sunrise to approximately 10:30 a.m. Many people drink coffee with a
breakfast meal, and it is thus an effective consumption pattern at McDonald's. On the
other hand, Starbucks have less of a consumer consumption pattern due to their low
variety of breakfast meals and high prices. They have less frequent repeat customers
because it is viewed as a small luxury to get a beverage than a necessity.
36
Target Audience/Psychographic Profiles
McDonald’s targets lower to middle class working individuals. With faster service and
lower prices, McDonald's has an advantage over the slower service and higher prices of
Starbucks. They know that many people drink coffee daily and having low prices on
their espresso products allows people who are price conscience people to afford them.
37
34
"McDonald's Corp. | AdAge Encyclopedia of Advertising - Advertising Age."
Advertising Agency &
Marketing Industry News - Advertising Age
. Advertising Agency. Web. 18 Feb. 2012.
.
35
Chura, Hillary. "McDonald's Pulls Further Away from Mass Marketing."
Advertising Age
. Advertising
Agency. Web. 18 Feb. 2012. .
36
Coleman, Daryl, Connie Gao, and Heejae Kim. "McDonald's: Breaching the Luxury Coffee Market."
37
Coleman, Daryl, Connie Gao, and Heejae Kim. "McDonald's: Breaching the Luxury Coffee Market."
23
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