Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY • BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY ENERGY

Hyperscale Data Center

Energy Supply & Utility Grid

ACTION PLAN • 2025–2030

PLAN STATUS

Research-based synthesis of Berkshire Hathaway Energy's current large-customer load-growth strategy,

grid/generation requirements, customer-protection principles and regional-market initiatives.

Strategic objective

Capture long-term hyperscale data-center load growth by expanding reliable generation, transmission and distribution capacity while

managing risk and minimizing adverse impacts on existing customers.

Verified scale snapshot

~11,000 MW

2,200+ MW

4,500–5,700 MW

2030

Contracted data-center load across

BHE utilities

2025 data-center peak load

Projected 2030 peak load from

facilities already contracted

Planning horizon for

contracted-load ramp

Prepared:

September 2026

Planning horizon:

2025–2030

Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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1. Strategic Foundation

This action plan translates Berkshire Hathaway Energy's public 2026 large-customer load-growth disclosures into an execution

framework. It is not a single official Berkshire document and does not represent unpublished commitments.

Demand thesis

BHE reports approximately 11,000 MW of contracted data-center load across its utilities, either in service or at varying stages of

construction. Data-center peak load exceeded 2,200 MW in 2025, approximately 8% of total system peak load. Based on requested

ramp schedules for already-contracted facilities, peak load could reach 4,500–5,700 MW by 2030.

Capacity response

The growth program requires coordinated investment in generation, transmission and distribution. BHE says reliable, low-cost and

increasingly noncarbon energy is attractive to hyperscalers and that additional data-center requests continue to arrive.

Customer-protection principle

BHE states that growth will be managed with innovative solutions intended to minimize risk and impact on existing customers while

maintaining grid reliability. The operating objective is therefore not simply to add capacity, but to add capacity with disciplined

commercial, regulatory and reliability controls.

Strategic priorities

01 • Capacity

02 • Reliability

03 • Customer protection

Expand generation, transmission and

distribution to match contracted load

ramps.

Coordinate resources, storage, markets

and network planning to preserve

service quality.

Structure growth so existing customers

are protected from avoidable cost and

reliability risks.

04 • Decarbonization

05 • Regulation

06 • Capital discipline

Increase noncarbon generation and

storage while retaining reliability

resources.

Maintain open communication and strict

compliance with regulators and

stakeholders.

Stage investments against contracted

demand, construction readiness and

credible ramp schedules.

Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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2. Comprehensive Execution Framework

Action area

Specific actions

Accountable teams

Control / output

Large-load intake

Validate hyperscaler requests, contracted

capacity, ramp schedules and construction

status before committing network

resources.

BHE executive leadership;

utility commercial &

planning teams

Load forecast and commitment

Generation

capacity

Plan new generation and resource

additions aligned to contracted demand

and system reliability requirements.

Utility generation planning;

engineering; procurement

Generation capacity plan

Transmission &

distribution

Upgrade substations, transmission,

distribution and interconnection

infrastructure where required by load

growth.

BHE utilities; transmission

engineering; project delivery

Network readiness milestones

Grid reliability

Integrate forecasting, storage, market

coordination and contingency planning to

manage high-density loads.

System operations; energy

supply; reliability teams

Reliability and reserve metrics

Customer

protection

Evaluate incremental customer impacts

and design commercial/regulatory

structures that minimize risk to existing

ratepayers.

Regulatory affairs; finance;

utility leadership

Customer-impact assessment

Regional energy

markets

Use coordinated day-ahead and real-time

markets to improve resource efficiency,

reliability and affordability.

PacifiCorp / BHE Montana;

market operations

Market benefit and reliability

tracking

Environmental

strategy

Increase noncarbon generation and

storage while maintaining reliable service

and balancing environmental and

affordability objectives.

Environmental, generation

and regulatory teams

Resource-mix roadmap

Stakeholder

alignment

Coordinate regulators, local governments,

communities and large customers

throughout siting, permitting and

construction.

Government affairs; legal;

communications

Permit and engagement tracker

Execution rule:

contracted demand

→

validated ramp

→

infrastructure readiness

→

regulatory approval

→

construction

→

energization

→

monitored load growth.

Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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3. Timeline & Milestones

The timeline distinguishes verified current conditions from forward-looking planning gates. BHE's public 2026 presentation provides

the principal 2030 load-growth horizon.

Period

Milestone

Status

2025

Data-center peak load exceeds 2,200 MW across BHE utilities; approximately 8% of

system peak load.

Verified actual

2026

Approximately 11,000 MW of contracted data-center capacity is in service or varying

stages of construction.

Verified current

2026–2027

Validate contracted-load ramp schedules; prioritize generation, transmission and

distribution projects by readiness and system need.

Execution phase

2027–2028

Advance major network projects through permitting, procurement, construction and

commissioning; expand regional-market coordination.

Planning / execution

2028

BHE Montana plans to begin participation in CAISO's Extended Day-Ahead Market.

Announced target

2029

Stress-test system readiness against contracted load, construction slippage,

resource availability and extreme conditions.

Control gate

2030

Contracted facilities' peak load could reach approximately 4,500–5,700 MW based

on requested ramp schedules.

Projected

Decision gates

Gate A — Demand certainty:

contracted load, customer ramp and construction status validated.

Gate B — System readiness:

generation, transmission, distribution and reliability requirements quantified.

Gate C — Customer/regulatory protection:

cost, reliability and environmental impacts reviewed with regulators.

Gate D — Commissioning:

infrastructure energized only after safety, reliability and operating controls pass readiness review.

Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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4. KPI Scorecard & Governance

Metric

Current signal

Planning target / control

Owner

Contracted data-center

load

~11,000 MW

Maintain validated commitment and ramp

BHE / utility planning

2025 data-center peak

2,200+ MW

Track monthly load growth against forecast

System operations

2030 contracted-load

peak

4,500–5,700 MW projected

Stress-test generation and grid readiness

against range

Integrated planning

Customer impact

BHE says growth should

minimize risk and impact on

existing customers

Document incremental customer impact

before major investment decisions

Regulatory / finance

Reliability

New load requires additional

generation and grid

investment

Meet applicable reliability standards and

contingency requirements

Reliability

engineering

Regional-market value

EDAM delivered $5.42M

gross benefits to PacifiCorp

and customers in Q2 2026

Track market savings, reliability and

resource-utilization benefits

Market operations

Noncarbon transition

Increasing noncarbon

generation and storage is a

stated BHE direction

Track generation mix, storage and

reliability together

Generation /

environmental

Governance architecture

Corporate leadership:

capital allocation, portfolio priorities and enterprise risk.

BHE leadership:

utility strategy and execution.

System/engineering teams:

load forecasting, resource planning, transmission, distribution and reliability.

Regulatory/legal:

public-utility approvals, customer protections and compliance.

Market operations:

regional coordination and economic dispatch.

Community/stakeholder teams:

permitting, engagement and local impacts.

Research-based synthesized Action Plan • Not an official Berkshire Hathaway publication

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5. Risks, Mitigation & Action-to-Impact

Principal risks

Risk

Mitigation

Load-growth volatility

Stage projects against contracted demand, ramp evidence and construction readiness; maintain

scenario ranges.

Stranded infrastructure

Use gated capital approval, customer commitments and phased commissioning before full

build-out.

Reliability stress

Pair load growth with generation, transmission, storage, reserve and contingency planning.

Ratepayer impact

Quantify incremental costs and customer effects; use regulatory review and commercial

structures designed to minimize adverse impact.

Permitting / community

resistance

Begin regulatory and stakeholder engagement early; document safety, environmental and

economic benefits.

Resource intermittency

Combine noncarbon generation, storage, market coordination and reliability resources rather

than relying on one technology.

Extreme weather / system

events

Stress-test contracted-load scenarios and maintain emergency operating plans and reserve

margins.

Action

→

impact

Contracted hyperscaler demand

→

validated load forecasts

→

generation + transmission + distribution investment

→

reliable

capacity for new facilities.

Regional market coordination

→

better resource scheduling and lower-cost energy access

→

efficiency, reliability and

affordability benefits

for customers.

Noncarbon generation + storage

→

diversified resource portfolio

→

lower emissions intensity while maintaining reliability

Regulatory and customer safeguards

→

transparent cost/risk review

→

disciplined growth without avoidable adverse customer

impacts

Research basis & integrity note

Primary sources for this synthesis include Berkshire Hathaway Energy's 2026 Investor Conference presentation, Berkshire

Hathaway's 2025 Annual Report, BHE's Environmental Respect and Regulatory Integrity materials, BHE's 2026 regional-market

announcements, and Berkshire Hathaway's official investor materials. All forward-looking recommendations in this document are

synthesized planning recommendations, not additional Berkshire commitments.

Selected primary sources: Berkshire Hathaway Energy, 2026 Investor Conference Presentation; Berkshire Hathaway Inc., 2025 Annual Report; BHE Environmental

Respect; BHE Regulatory Integrity; BHE PacifiCorp EDAM customer-savings release, July 30, 2026; BHE Montana EDAM announcement, August 10, 2026.

Berkshire Hathaway's Hyperscale Data Center Energy Supply and Utility Grid Action Plan

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